Nunn, in his research to find if there is any relationship between the slave trade and Africa’s current underdevelopment, used data from different shipping records and historical documents reporting slave ethnicities, and he came up with estimates of the number of slaves exported from each country in Africa during Africa’s four slave trades. He found a robust negative relationship between the number of slaves taken from a country and its subsequent economic development. Which means, the slave trade can be considered as part of many African countries underdevelopment. Nunn pursued a number of strategies to better know if the relationship between the slave trade and current African underdevelopment is causal or spurious. If countries that …show more content…
Even those who might have participated on the slave trade on the sides of Europeans or on local slave trade could never contribute anything to the development of Africa, as Rodney indicated that ‘‘In Africa, the trading groups could make no contribution to technological improvement because their role and preoccupation took their minds and energies away from production.’’ On the other hand, the trade helped the Europeans to develop their economy with advancements in technology and agriculture using African labor and resources.
When Europeans came to Africa in the 15th century, Africa was by no means significantly weaker than Europe. The continent was maintaining its own development and that’s why Europeans started trade relations with the continent. But by the end of the 19th century, Africa was already weak and the Europeans were sure that the continent was already divided and feeble to defend itself when they held a conference in 1884 to scramble the continent.
European exploitation of Africa didn’t end after the abolition of slave trade in the second half of the 19th century, in fact, After Europeans colonized Africa, the exploitation changed its form and transformed in to a whole new scale of extraction of labor force and resources of Africa.
Rodney wrote that, “For the first three decades of colonialism, hardly
During the late 1800’s, Europe was looking for a way to improve themselves as a whole. With growing population and a steady decline in available work, something new had to be done. Countries looked towards Africa to serve as new colonies for the Europeans in order to better their own countries. During the European acquisition of African colonies in the period 1880 to 1914 Europe’s attitude towards Africa was that Africa was the inferior race in comparison to the Europeans. With the help of a strong feeling of nationalism, Europeans were motivated to acquire new lands in order to improve their motherland’s
People can overcome adversity by working hard, communicating, and never giving up. First of all, in the movie Gerry didn't like Julius being on the team and didn't like having to room with him, but they were able to overcome that and become friends by working hard together during camp and talking out their problems. They worked with people they were uncomfortable with and were able to push through that and become great friends. Similarly, in the section of “Remember the Titans” during camp when Gerry is yelling at Julius about him only worrying about himself and not protecting the rest of the team, Julius is able to tell Gerry that the other white guys on the team aren't looking out for Julius’s black friends so why should he look out for the
“The Slave Ship: A Human History” written by Marcus Rediker describes the horrifying experiences of Africans, and captains, and ship crewmen on their journey through the Middle Passage, the water way in the Atlantic Ocean between Africa and the Americas. The use of slaves to cultivate crops in the Caribbean and America offered a great economy for the European countries by providing “free” labor and provided immense wealth for the Europeans. Rediker describes the slave migration by saying, “There exists no account of the mechanism for history’s greatest forced migration, which was in many ways the key to an entire phase of globalization” (10). African enslavement to the Americas is the most prominent reason for a complete shift in the
Africa’s persistent poverty interrogates the continent’s past through institutions, government, demography, economics, colonialism, and the impact of the trading. The colonial era affected the variety of Africa’s historical development for it was quite the game changer since it put a halt to the continuous drain of scarce labor and paved the way for the expansion of land concentrated forms of agriculture, and engaging smallholders, estates, and communal farms. The establishment of the colonial rule over the African interior reinforced African commodity growth in export. The colonial control facilitated the construction induced significant inflows of European
The life of a teenage girl is already difficult enough but Melinda’s past makes it even harder. The book Speak by Laurie Halse Anderson is a realistic fiction novel. It expresses the themes of isolation, depression, and the importance of communication after traumatic events. The main characters of the book are Melinda, who narrates the book, Andy, Rachel, Ivy, Nicole, and David. Speak takes place at Merryweather High School in Syracuse, New York in present day. Throughout the story, Melinda interactions with people lead her to become more inclosed until she finally is able to speak out with the help of friends.
As previously mentioned, there were independent or free states in Africa during European occupation. One of these free states was Ethiopia. Although Ethiopia was economically and socially free, it rightfully still disagreed with the injustice that occurred in Africa (Document 2). Moreover and more specifically into the injustice that occurred, slave ships embodied this very damage to Africa and its people. Through this European network of trade, they were prospering.
In the late 1800’s Europeans took over Africa, took their resources,enslaving the Africans, and changed the course of history. The Europeans took over Africa, which is called The Scramble For Africa, in 1884-1914. The Europeans took over because Africa was rich in raw materials, they wanted power, and they thought their culture was superior. The driving force behind imperialism was need for resources, political competition, and technological advances. One driving force behind imperialism was need for natural resources. Document E uses a bar graph to show imports and exports in 1854, and 1900 between Great Britain and South Saharan Africa. Great Britain made 3 million British pounds in 1854, and 21
The changes in African life during the slave trade era form an important element in the economic and technological development of Africa. Although the Atlantic slave trade had a negative effect on both the economy and technology, it is important to understand that slavery was not a new concept to Africa. In fact, internal slavery existed in Africa for many years. Slaves included war captives, the kidnapped, adulterers, and other criminals and outcasts. However, the number of persons held in slavery in Africa, was very small, since no economic or social system had developed for exploiting them (Manning 97). The new system-Atlantic slave trade-became quite different from the early African slavery. The
The interactions between Africa and the peoples of Asia, Europe, and the Americas have been transcribed through hundreds of accounts since the beginnings of civilization. Every conqueror within reach of this continent has attempted to seize the opportunities and resources Africa holds one way or another. What is arguably the most impactful attempt of controlling Africa was as seen through the European colonization since the arrival of the Portuguese during the age of discovery. While the European explorers were at work in Africa, another group of colonizers had their own foothold for centuries prior, the Arabs. For centuries the Arabs have had interactions and attempts of imperial expansion in Africa for the benefit of its many resources, most notably the slave trade. This was seen particularly by the Omani Arabs during the 19th century and their slave trade in the Indian Ocean.
Slavery has played a strong role in African society from as early as prehistoric times, continuing to the modern era. Early slavery within Africa was a common practice in many societies, and was very central to the country’s economy. Beginning around the 7th century, two groups of non-African slave traders significantly altered the traditional African forms of slavery that had been practiced in the past. Native Africans were now being forced to leave the country to be used as slaves. The two major slave trades, trans-Saharan and trans-Atlantic, became central to the organization of Africa and its societies until the modern era. Slavery and the slave trade strongly affected African society, and
The first chapter in Boahen’s book is titled “Eve of Colonial Conquest” and this section gives the readers a background of the colonialism in Africa through a look at the fundamental economic, political, and social changes that occurred just a few decades before colonialism took root. Boahen states that the trade of “natural products” is the most significant economic change in Africa by 1880. Just before the trading of “natural products” slave trades were abolished.
The Atlantic Slave Trade impacted Africa in multiple negative ways: most people were captured and sold as slaves for goods and shipped off to a new country, others were harassed, assaulted, and beaten. Although our ancestors might not have been from Africa, slavery impacted our country, it changed the world. African slavery impacted the world in many ways, however it’s legacy lives within Elmina Castle, and it’s history lives within the United States.
In widespread and systematic oppression, Africans forced into slavery faced unsurmountable odds to resist oppression, obtain equality, and to build and sustain a community. The European countries involved in the transatlantic slave trade, made one of the most profitable systems in world history that led to the development of one of the greatest countries in history. Each chapter in the book explains a different reason for why leading up to an ending goal of sufficient evidence on why the Africans more than any other race. In the book David Eltis, examines why a system with such advanced societies used such a primitive system to accomplish economic and political goals.
The Atlantic Slave Trade was a part of African history that had made one of it's biggest impact on Africa's relation with the world and more importantly on the inner workings of the country itself due to its large-scale involvement of many of the people in the continent. Although the slave trade was so long ago the impact can still be seen in Africa's social workings within the people, its economy in the local and global market, and within the political landscape of the countries.
The Atlantic slave trade existed from the 16th to the early 19th century and stimulated trade between Europe, Africa, and the Americas. Over 12 million Africans were captured and sold into chattel slavery off the coast of West Africa, and more than 2 million of them died crossing the Atlantic. These outcomes of the slave trade are rarely disputed among historians; the effect of the Atlantic slave trade in Africa, however, is often a topic of debate. Some academics, such as Walter Rodney, insist that Africans were forced to take part in the slave trade, resulting in demographic disruption and underdevelopment in all sectors of Africa. Historian John Thornton acknowledges the negative consequences of the Trans-Atlantic slave trade, yet contends that it was merely an expansion of the existing internal slave trade which African rulers engaged in willingly. A final case made by Hugh Thomas completely contradicts Rodney’s thesis, asserting that the slave trade was not solely responsible for decreasing Africa’s population, and furthermore, that it was primarily beneficial to Africa’s economy and politics. The true outcome of the slave trade in Africa lies not entirely in any one of these arguments, but rests rather in a combination of all three. Although the Atlantic slave trade was detrimental to the economic and social development of Africa, the trade benefited a small portion of Africans, who willingly aligned themselves with