Relationship Between Tourism and Cultural Heritage Management: Evidence from Hong Kong

When it comes to the topic of ecotourism, most of us will readily agree that it is a less harmful alternative to mass-tourism and that it promotes responsible and low-impact travel to areas where flora, fauna and cultural heritage are the primary drawing power. Where this agreement usually ends, however, is on the question of what the impact of ecotourism actually is and what its long-term consequences are. Whereas some are convinced that ecotourism provides the basis for sustainable development, particularly in places that suffer from exploitation and excessive resources’ usage, and that could only improve the general conditions of the local people, others maintain that we are still far from true ecotourism, for many are those in the

Hi, I am Madhav and I’ll be talking about the preservation of Chinese UNESCO world heritage sites. Millions of people are coming to UNESCO World Heritage sites, which puts the sites at risk of being damaged. Contrary to this, there is an economic boost to the rural areas where the heritage sites lie. The article I’ll be talking about is titled “Tourism boom threatens China's heritage sites” and written by Katie Hunt, a senior digital producer for CNN international who edits their China section. The editorial was published on 14th of August 2012.

Regardless of the rising standard of living globally, individuals are not falling short of wealth. In accordance with Synovate, on the list of world’s largest research firms, affluent clients across Asia-Pacific possess huge spending power both in bad and the good times (Business Review, 2010). Seeing that Asia-Pacific basks in prosperity, midst classes drove the tourism industry up by double digits inside the region (The Straits Times, 2011). In accordance to The Business Times (2009), a research finds that people who earning income above average has got greater expectations when dealing with service excellence. Shangri-La, being upmarket 5-star hotel possesses the capability and experience to meet the needs in this market segment and offers the clientele together with service over and exceeding the

1 The tourism school, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China; 2School of Business Administration, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China. Email: chenjue8@yahoo.com

Chan, ESW & Wong, SCK 2006, ‘Hotel selection: when price is not the issue’, Journal of Vacation Marketing, vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 142-159, (Online Sage).

This inability to define heritage tourism with any modicum of certitude has spawned an academic environment in which travel writer Pat Yale, in his book From Tourist Attractions to Heritage Tourism, classifies heritage tourism as "tourism centered on what we have inherited, which can mean anything from historic buildings, to art works, to beautiful scenery" (1997), while The National Trust

Over the years, efforts to improve environmental conditions as well as social responsibility in the hospitality industry have grown dramatically among individual hotels as well as the entire hotel sector within Hong Kong. Green hotels, also known as environmentally friendly hotels, have become more and more familiar with consumers. The Green Hotels Association really sets the standard of what going green is all about, and in this review there will be some comparison and contrast between green stay in the United States and Hong Kong with reference to academic theory.

Over the years, efforts to improve environmental conditions as well as social responsibility in the hospitality industry have grown dramatically among individual hotels as well as the entire hotel sector within Hong Kong. Green hotels, also known as environmentally friendly hotels, have become more and more familiar with consumers. The Green Hotels Association really sets the standard of what going green is all about, and in this review there will be some comparison and contrast between green stay in the United States and Hong Kong with reference to academic theory as well as different contrasting views on customer

Cultural heritage is a testimony to reflect the distinctiveness of a place made by human (UNESCO World Heritage Centre, 2008). According to Macau Cultural Affairs Bureau (n.d.), Macau has a wealth of cultural heritage which illustrates the interchange between China and the West such as knowledge, religions, and social trends. Thus, Macau is listed as Historic Centre of Macau in the World Heritage List since there is a significant number of built heritage in the western styles as well as local style in China. In 2014, tourist arrival amounts to 31,525,632 and total spending of visitors is MOP 61.75 billion (Documentation and Information Centre of Statistics and Census Service, 2015). As a result, cultural tourism promotes the growth of the

School of Management, Da-Yeh University, Chang-hua, Taiwan Department and Graduate School of Tourism Management, Chinese Culture University, Taipei, Taiwan Received 29 January 2004; accepted 28 June 2004

Due to the fact that building a tourist destination requires lots of resources, especially the soft and hard infrastructure of a destination which are relatively important to a destination in terms of its attractiveness to tourist, proper tourism planning had to be done beforehand in order to deliver such infrastructures. Especially iconic buildings which required a certain amount of time in order to be completed, usually required large amount of planning in order to assure the infrastructures are to be completed in time in order to fit into the timeline of the project and whole master plan. It is therefore crucial in delivering the infrastructure in the stipulated timeline of the destination in order to accommodate to the tourist.

In addition, with Singapore being a well-established hub for various sectors such as the finance and medicine, business travel in Asia has seen an increase by 20% compared to 2009 (Channel News Asia, 2010). With a rebound in Asian business travel, hotel occupancy in July hit a high of 90% an increase of 10.2% from 2009 and hotel room revenue grew 37.2% (The Business Times, 2010). Being the “Best Business Hotel in the World, Asia-Pacific and Singapore” as awarded by Business Traveller (Shangri-La, 2010), the surge in business travels is definitely advantageous to Shangri-La.

Nature-based tourism is defined any kind of tourism that depends on experiences openly connected to natural lures and this does involve things like ecotourism, extractive tourism, wildlife tourism adventure tourism, and nature retreats (Schumacher, 2007). From the position of conservation, nature-based tourism delivers inducements for local communities and landowners to protect wildlife environments that are upon which the industry becomes contingent it endorses conservation by engaging a better value on residual natural parts (Wood, 2007). As nature tourism develops into something that is important to the local budget, communities have added reason to preserve their enduring natural parts for wildlife and wildlife fanatics.

5.4.1. Restaurants and Leisure Industry Snapshot 5.4.2. Shangri-La Hotels Malaysia Bhd Industry Position Analysis 6. SHANGRI-LA HOTELS MALAYSIA BHD NEWS & EVENTS 6.1. News & PR Activity Analysis 6.2. IR Corporate News 6.3. Marketing News 6.4. Corporate Events 7. SHANGRI-LA HOTELS MALAYSIA BHD EXPERTS REVIEW 7.1. Experts Opinion 7.2. Experts Estimates APPENDIX 1: RATIO DEFINITIONS LIST OF TABLES Table 1. Shangri-La Hotels Malaysia Bhd Key Facts Table 2. Shangri-La Hotels Malaysia Bhd Profitability Table 3. Shangri-La Hotels Malaysia Bhd Management Effectiveness Table 4. Shangri-La Hotels Malaysia Bhd Income Statement Key Figures

Planning and development are both extremely important factors within the tourism industry and can have both positive and negative effects on the environment, local communities and tourist destinations. “Destination planning aims to limit the negative impacts of cultural tourism upon the history and lifestyles of the local community. An understanding of sustainable tourist development allows for the development of culture without loss of its authentic identity” (Maidment. T. 2012). This statement discusses the importance of planning to avoid having any negative impacts on environments and communities. Because the effects of tourism are so severe to destinations, many natural and cultural resources have been destroyed, therefore tourism planning is vital to preserve and maintain these places for future generations.