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Economics Assignment
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1/18/2015
Table of Contents:
Table of Contents: 2
Section 1: Relationship between Unemployment and Inflation 3
Unemployment: 3
Inflation: 3
Phillips curve: 4
SRPC- Short Run Phillips curve: 4
Real Life example of Unemployment in Australia 5
Section 2: Simple model of AD and AS 6
Aggregate demand and Aggregate supply: 6
What is AD or aggregate demand? 6
Consumption Expenditure: 6
Investment Demand: 7
Government Expenditure: 7
Net Exports: 7
Aggregate demand: 7
What is Aggregate Supply? 8
Macroeconomic equilibrium: 9
Output Gap in different countries: 10
The Macroeconomic Equilibrium at different scopes of AS: 13
Section 3: Monetary Policy Changes in
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Unemployment can be of four types - seasonal, frictional, structural and cyclical.
Inflation:
Inflation is the general increase in the price level of a basket of goods that are considered essential for living. Generally this basket of goods and their relative price indexes are fixed by statistical organizations and they calculate the Inflation rate of the economy at continuous intervals of time. Inflation can be of two types – cost push and demand pull inflation.
When the costs of raw materials that are used in the production of goods and services in an economy increases, it triggers a decline in aggregate supply as the producers are able to supply one less amount of goods and services with the increase in costs. This is termed as cost-push inflation in an economy. This may be due to increase in wage rate, increase in the costs of other raw materials used in production.
When there are shifts in the aggregate demand curve, where the demand by the people of the country goes up, this puts pressures on the general price level as the supply cannot cope up suddenly with the increasing aggregate demand. This results in demand pull inflation.
Phillips curve:
The curve that depicts the relationship between the unemployment rate and inflation rate in an economy is called the Phillips curve. IT was given by A.W.Phillips in 1958. In the short run there is a negative
| |Inflation: The increase in price for something as the demand grows and the product becomes less available due to the demand. If you have a new product that hits the market and is an |
1. What is inflation? Inflation is an increase in prices for goods and services (What is Inflation?).
Demand-pull inflation happens when there is an extreme amount of demand for products and services. This is a result of an increase in the money supply by the central bank system. Consumers then have the ability to demand more of the products they want. Cost-push
In economics, with the inflation is a rise in the actual general level of prices of goods and services in an economy from over a period of time. When the general price level rise, such as each of the units currency buys fewer goods and services. Consequently, inflation reflects a reduction in the purchasing power4 per unit of money. This therefore means that with the loss of real value in the medium of exchange and unit of account within the given and actual economy. With a chief measure for example and the price of inflation is within the given inflation rate, the annualised percentage change within a general price index over time in which is normally the consumer price index.
Inflation occurs when the general price level of goods and services have increased in a period of time. It is a measurement that signals the current economic situations and whether there is a potential economic growth.
Inflation is the sustained increase in the general level of prices for goods and services in a county, and is measured as an annual percentage change. (Investopedia) During periods of inflation, the prices of products and services will rise. There are several reasons why an economy would see a rise in inflation. Decrease in supplies, corporate deciding to charge more, and consumer confidence are some of the reasons why an economy would see the inflation rate increase. Consumer confidence is when consumers gain more confidence in spending due to a low unemployment rate and wages being stable. Decrease in supplies is when consumers are willing to pay more for a product or service is that is slowly becoming unavailable due to a decrease in supplies. Corporate decisions are when the corporations basically decide
The debate about the relationship between inflation and unemployment is mainly based on the famous “Phillips Curve”. This curve was first discovered by a New Zealand born economist called Allan William Phillips. In 1958, A. W. Phillips published an article “The relationship between unemployment and the rate of change of money wages in the United Kingdom, 1861-1957”, in which he showed a negative correlation between inflation and unemployment (Phillips 1958). When the unemployment rate is low, the inflation rate tends to be high, and when unemployment is high, the inflation rate tends to be low, even to be negative.
A term utilized as a part of Keynesian financial aspects to depict the situation that happens when value levels rise in light of a lopsidedness in the total supply and interest. At the point when the total interest in an economy firmly exceeds the total supply, costs increment. Financial experts will regularly say that request draw expansion is a consequence of an excess of dollars pursuing excessively couple of merchandise. (Investopedia, 2015)
Firstly Inflation is an upward movement in the average level of prices. Its opposite is deflation, a downward movement in the average level of prices. The boundary between inflation and deflation is price stability. Inflation can either be negative or positive; it could mean making products more expensive. There are a number of effects of inflation that can
In economics, inflation is a rise in the general level of prices of goods and services in an economy over a period of time. When the general price level rises, each unit of currency buys fewer goods and services. Consequently, inflation also reflects an erosion in the purchasing power of money – a loss of real value in the internal medium of exchange and unit of account in the economy A chief measure of price inflation is the inflation rate, the annualized percentage change in a general price index (normally the Consumer Price Index) over time.
Inflation is a sustained increase in the general level of prices for goods and services
In the first case, a rise in aggregate demand could lead to inflation. This kind of inflation is referred to as demand-pull inflation. An initial increase in the level of aggregate demand could be caused, for example, by a rise in government
commodities increases such as milk, gas and bread. It is a rise in all prices simultaneously. Inflation is caused when the demand for something exceeds the supply. This causes the price of that particular item to go up which in turn causes wages to go up and operating costs also increase (inflation).
Inflation is the generalized increase in cost of goods or services sold. Inflation causes a decrease in purchasing power. Purchasing power is how much can you get for your dollar. For example, with $1 I could buy 3 apples or I could buy 2/3 of a book. You get more purchasing power with the apples. With inflation you might for $1 get 2 apples and 1/3 of the book. Inflation is an indicator of a healthy economy.
There are different influences that cause inflation such as energy, food, commodities, and other goods and services. The entire economy is affected by rise of the cost of living. It also affects the cost of operating a business, borrowing money, mortgages, corporate and government bond yields, and every other aspect of the economy. There are several advantages of inflation in the economy. Some include moderate rates of inflation which allows prices to adjust. This is considered a sign of a healthy economy. With economic growth available we usually get a generous amount of inflation. Also moderate inflation rate reduces the actual value of debt. If there is a reduction, the real value of debt increase leads to a squeeze on usuable income.