Relationship Between VRRT Group And Control Groups

Most exercise is designed for neurorehabilitation, not cardiovascular health, so there is a very different definition for stroke patient exercise, as well as a very different goal set. Because strokes affect each person differently, treatment is also specific to the individual. The literature included in this review focuses on three different methods of exercise, each with very specific goals in mind. Cabanas-Valdés and collegues study was on Core and Trunk stability, Minyoung describes use of Virtual Reality enhanced exercise for treatment, and Tutak introduces the concepts behind Rehabilitation

Strokes are known as the leading cause of acquired disability in adults where between 20-30% are left unable to walk, and leaving those who are able to walk, with a moderate to severe walking disability (Maguire et al., 2012). This disability results in a huge socioeconomic impact on the patients and their families lives. In order to improve their quality of life, an improvement in balance is the important first step in which is crucial to enable more independent movement, for example walking.

The importance of Occupational Therapy services for induvials after stroke is to assists the pt, to become in depend when preforming their ADL’s.

A local healthcare establishment, Riverside Rehabilitation Institute, is an organization that specializes in physical rehabilitation. According to their official website, they are a full-service physical rehabilitation institute nationally accredited by the Joint Commission. In addition to that, this facility is the local area’s exclusive stroke-certified rehabilitation facility. Their objectives and values are saturated in meeting the individual goals of the clients and patients they work with. They understand both the specific challenges and immense potential laid before each patient as they work towards the recovery and rehabilitation process. According to their website, their goal and purpose is to work with each individual patient to meet those challenges and assist in discovering each person’s full potential. They have a vast selection of programs and services available in addition to their continuum of care, which are all created to meet the patients’ goals and objectives. It is evident from their purpose that through their experienced staff and company values, they want to see each patient reach their goals and expectations. This organization holds the desire to see success in their patients, as they offer services ranging from stroke, brain injury, and amputation to physical therapy, speech therapy, and nutrition services.

Five participants with acute stroke and unilateral hemiparesis (Age 51 ± 17 years; Height 1.7 ± 0.1m; Weight 81.6 ± 3.6kg; LOS 36 ± 24.6 days; 3 males, 2 females; 2 with right hemiplegia) were recruited for RE gait training during inpatient rehabilitation in conjunction with traditional therapy. Participant inclusion requirements: have a medical clearance, upright standing tolerance (≥30 min), intact skin, physically fit into the device, have joint range of motion within normal functional limits for ambulation, have had stroke with its onset >1 week and 0.05). This may suggest that the RE was limited to rehabilitate muscles during the IDS and swing phases as seen in figures (6-8).

My research addresses rehabilitation post-stroke, primarily improving lower extremity function. I study factors contributing to compensation, which involves greater than normal use of the non-impaired limb compared to the impaired limb. Compensation can be detrimental to rehabilitation as the impaired limb is underutilized and function cannot be restored. This may lead to weakness and impaired mobility/gait.

People often relate the loss of arm mobility to stroke patients because it is so noticeable when a person cannot use one of their arms properly. Statistics show, “motor deficits are common following stroke. Approximately 43% to 69% of people suffering from a stroke have upper-extremity impairment, 1, 2 and 4 years after a stroke, 67% still experience non-use of the affected arm as a major problem” (Siebers et al., 389). In these cases, CIMT can be more beneficial than less invasive therapies. CIMT looks to force movement and use of the affected side of the body after a stroke in order to promote rehabilitation while limiting the unaffected limb. However, this type of therapy does not come easily as CIMT is a very rigorous therapy. In the article, Stroke patients ' and therapists ' opinions of constraint-induced movement therapy, it was stated this therapy is intense because the unaffected arm is restrained while the patient participates in about 6 hours

The initiation of the therapy can vary in how quickly it begins for each individual. For some patients it begins within two days post stroke and continues after being discharged. Since there is such a wide range of the severity of strokes, rehabilitation options can be different from client to client. For some individuals, rehabilitation can take place in an inpatient therapy at a hospital, for others they may return home and attend outpatient therapy at a clinic. There are other options including subacute care units and long term care facilities that also provide important therapy “Rehabilitation Therapy after a Stroke,” 2015). Regardless of the environment, these therapies aim to achieve the same goal of improving the function and independence of the stroke

Limitation/s: most stroke patients do not continue rehabilitation treatment/exercise within a year of their accident causing these handicaps; suggests that patients may not follow through with training

Strokes are not isolated to the United States. It is reported that worldwide nearly 15 million people suffer from a stroke every year (“Stoke,” n.d.). The idea of home therapy for stroke rehabilitation has appeared in other countries as well. A group of researchers in Spain looked into the effectiveness of occupational therapy for individuals affected by a stroke. They focused specifically on home based therapy. The researchers sought out occupational therapy programs which “aimed to improve the participation of the individual in significant functions, activities, and tasks” and how that translated into a home program (Ávila et al., 2014). The study included twenty-three participants who had suffered a stroke. The Barthel Index (Fig.3) was

Occupational therapists working with the stroke population use activity analysis and observation skills to identify and analyze the functional impairments that result in activity limitations (McHugh Pendleton & Schultz-Krohn, 2011). Established and effective OT interventions, such as repetitive task training (RTP) and constraint-induced movement therapy (CIMT), are used to address functional impairments in the stroke population (Nilsen, Gillen, Arbesman, & Lieberman, 2015; Wolf et al., 2006). According to the National Board for Certification in Occupational Therapy (2012), 60.7% of registered OTs provide rehabilitation services to individuals who had been diagnosed with a Cerebral Vascular Accident (CVA). A systematic review (Nilsen et al., 2015) found that the responsibilities of an occupational therapist include administering a variety of assessments to create an occupational profile when treating an individual following a stroke. One example of an OT assessment that measures participation, one’s involvement in a life situation (WHO, 2001), is the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM), which asks the client to identify up to five occupations he or she would like improve performance for, and rate his or her perceived performance and satisfaction of these occupations (Law et al., 2014). Performance skills and client factors are often evaluated with Fugl-Meyer Assessment and the Action Research Arm Test to further assess functionality of the upper extremity with respect to neuromusculoskeletal functions, sensory functions, and motor skills (Fugl-Meyer, Jaasko, Leyman, Olsson, & Steglind, 1975; Lyle, 1981; Nilsen et al.,

Background: Stroke can cause multiple neurological impairments which may relentlessly reduce an individual’s ability to perform normal daily activities. Approximately 30% of individual’s with arm paralysis do not regain considerable dexterity after 6 months. The most common therapies at the moment are techniques that are readily used within occupational and physical therapy, and tend to focus on guided limb manipulation as well as task-oriented exercises. Methods that utilize virtual reality (VR) technology build on this methodology and are increasing the range of possible tasks, partly automating and quantifying therapy procedures, and improving patient motivation

Stroke significantly affects thousands of individuals annually, leading to physical impairments and functional disability. Due to stroke the patient's gait pattern changes from normal walking speed, endurance, symmetry and stride length which leads to pathological gait pattern\cite{bortole2015h2}.\newline

Rationale and Justification: One of the most predominant neurological conditions in the world is a stroke and it is the number one reason for hospitalizations among neurological diseases.1 “Stroke is a disease that is the fifth leading cause of death and is the number one cause of long-term disability in the United States.2 There are approximately 4 million Americans living with the effects of a stroke.”3 Even though the scientific realm has made progress in learning about neural plasticity and motor rehabilitation stroke patients still often times present chronic long-term functional disabilities.3 The fact that 26% of stroke survivors

When people have a stroke, there have the tendency to be affected most on the right arm and some on the left depending on their diagnostic. Occupation therapy not only helps them rehabilitate physically through a stroke, therapist will set aside their responsibilities and be there to listen to any concern that a person may have of their situation. For example, a therapist will come up with different activities to help relieve the pain a person may be feeling at the time. Sitting down working the arm on a pully or stretching the upper body is a good way to start relieving pain. Therapist are not demanding in rushing their activities and putting a time limit on the activities given, moreover, they will work upon the patient’s capability.