Relationship Between Wing Loading And Rate Of Silver Maple Samaras

Similar information has been explored in different studies. A previous study conducted showed that trees with smaller DBHs and greater canopy coverage allowed for an increase in species richness (Rannius T 2000). Furthermore, researchers have found that saplings across different species like the sugar maple exhibit greater growth in open canopies than saplings that are in closed canopies (Canndam C. 1998). Although these studies are important, the relationship between canopy size and DBH is still yet to be explored. In response to this lack of knowledge, we have conducted a study to further explore this correlation. Our hypothesis is that the larger the DBH size, the greater the amount of canopy coverage in a given area for the tree being studied.

A shade tolerant species such as eastern hemlock, which also has a slow growth rate, must compete with much faster growing, shade intolerant species such as black cherry or white ash. While the cherry and ash grow faster, hemlock has a much longer life span, thus has a good chance of outliving these species. As always, there are exceptions to the general trend. Striped maple is both fast growing and shade tolerant, but is very short lived. Along with the red oak, this species has adapted in order to even the odds for

The topography of the island is also of note. The west end of the island features a closed-canopy forest with more hardwood trees. The east end of the island is better characterized as a “boreal forest,” a term used to describe regions that are mostly covered by coniferous forests. It is good to note that the balsam fir is found on both ends of the island, but that samples used in the study from the west end of the island were, on average, older, but shorter, than those samples found on the east side of the island.

B. Retaining individual high value trees--for bear dens, raptor nests or as an example of old growth

The ancient forests of the Northeast aren’t the only aspect of the bioregion that’s fate have been at perpetual risk since the early settlement of Europeans. There is no question that forests still dominate the landscape of Northeastern region accounting for “60% of the total land area, and in New England alone, the coverage is 80%”. Still the species that exist within the understory of the forests have undergone an equally dramatic transformation because of human interaction with the land and the harvest of its resources. Some species in the understory of the mixed forests of the Northeast have been driven out of the region, are under intense ecological pressure, are on the brink of extinction, or have already gone extinct in the region. Perhaps one of the most harmful and impactful effects colonization of the Northeast has had on the resources of the land is the introduction of non-native species and diseases into the region. Over time the overall makeup of the forests have changed drastically as an example, “…the American chestnut once made up as much as 25% of the trees in some areas and was economically the most important hardwood in the Eastern forests”. The introduction of chestnut blight at the turn of the century accounts for

The Burnt Area of Mount Pilot contains mixed stands of competing, seedlings with slower growing Callitris seedlings and re-sprouting Eucalyptus trees. There is few Callitris endlicheri, as the species is fire sensitive and often destroyed by fire, particularly when in quick succession. Prior to the 2003 fire the site was dominated by Callitris species of tree. The seedlings that emerged were mostly Eucalyptus, with less dense Callitris seedlings proving that the growth of Callitris is not consistent with long term site suitability. Surprisingly, more Eucalyptus seedlings died in the first six years of regeneration that Callitris seedlings; competition in co-existence does not determine survivability. The major trend is that the growth of Eucalyptus seedlings is faster than that of Callitris seedlings. The density of Eucalyptus seedlings is shown to effect Callitris seedlings growth which thrives where Eucalyptus seedlings are sparser. Callitris may take 7-15 years to produce sufficient seeds (Cohn, Lunt, Ross, & Bradstock, 2011; I. Lunt, Jones, N., & Petrow, M.,, 2003; I. Lunt, Price, J.,, 2016; Ian D Lunt, Zimmer, & Cheal, 2011; Zimmer, 2012).

Boxelder Maple trees depend on the dispersal of their samaras to reproduce. The samaras are the seeds of the tree that are shaped in such a way that the wing of the seed causing it to spin. The seed does not fall directly but instead twirls like a helicopter making it stay in the air longer. With the wind the seed can then me dispersed away from the parent tree to take rout and grow on its own. Not all seeds float away from the parent seed and take rout. Some end up falling to close to the parent tree not allowing them to survive due to not getting nutrients and sunlight. “Recent field studies have made progress in elucidating the mechanisms behind these patterns and the implications of these patterns for recruitment success”

Demons in Eden: The Paradox of Plant Diversity by Jonathan Silvertown is a scientific, nonfiction book that reads a lot like a botanist’s travel journal. It showcases many plant species’ habitats; such as the desert-like climate of Fuerteventura in the Canary Islands and the Kew Gardens in London, when explaining the evolution of plants. However, according to Silvertown (2005), a paradox arises in Darwin’s argument when trying to explain a plant’s evolutionary processes. Darwin’s argument states that organisms that have the most progeny are favored by natural selection. The progeny, adapting their parent’s advantages, will start to reproduce more and more advantageous characteristics until other organisms dwindle to extinction.

In Area 2, the species with the highest dominance value was the Oregon White Oak (70.6%). Oregon White Oaks provide shelter, housing, and food to various animals as well. Diversity of birds is often higher in Oregon White Oaks than in an adjacent coniferous forest. Using the dominance data, it tells us that at this moment in time Oregon Oak and

The deciduous forests of West Virginia, like all ecosystems, are diverse homes to numerous organisms interacting with each other. West Virginia University’s Core Arboretum provides a good representation of this diversity, providing a wide spectrum of interspecies interaction. For example, when the upper canopy of a forest grows its leaves it absorbs more sunlight, leaving the plants closer to the forest floor with about 2% of the emitted sunlight. To adapt to this, species will flower in a small window of time early in the spring season before the upper canopy becomes profuse. These species are called spring ephemerals. Some of the ephemeral species observed in the arboretum, such as the Viola pubescens, had not yet reached their window and did not contain a flower. Alternatively, species such as the Sangunaria Canadensis (Figure 1), had exceeded their window and completed its reproduction phase leaving no flower to be seen. While there are plenty of species within the arboretum worth mentioning, only a few will be reflected upon, starting with Sangunaria canadensis.

To some an acorn is just an acorn, nothing more than a nut. The acorn with its tough leathery outside and rich amber color signifies nothing more than the commencement of autumn. To others it represents a great deal of potential. This tiny seed has the ability to endure many adverse effects including long periods of cold temperatures, drought, and human interference. The fragile acorn contains all the necessary elements to become the giant, majestic oak that has come to signify strength. When the conditions are favorable, the little nut will thrive and become an impressive adult tree providing oxygen and shade as nature intended. The most important factor to the budding tree is the environment. Like all other living things, the acorn

By whatever common or scientific names it is known, Paraserianthes falcataria (L.) Nielsen is a valuable multipurpose tree for the humid tropics. One of the fastest growing of all tree species, it is used for pulp and other wood products, fuelwood, ornamental plantings and shade for coffee, tea and cattle. Potential uses for which it is being tested include alley farming and intercropping in forest plantations.

* The relevance of this experiment is similar to understanding a real airplane. Paper airplane models are derived from an actual plane these days. The design of an airplane has so much to do with distance, hang time, speed, and many other factors. Understanding the models I have chosen to make help me

Fire played a crucial ecological role in North American oak ecosystems in the past, providing disturbance conditions that are conducive to the development and survival of oak tree species in savanna habitats (Abrams). Oak savannas are fire-dependent communities, requiring this critical natural disturbance to maintain the distinct two-layer structure of an overstory composed of primarily open-grown oak trees and a groundcover of prairie grasses, sedges, and wildflowers (Lecture 8/30).

Our lab investigated the morphological characteristics of leaves found in the sun and shade on various species of maple and oak trees around campus. Our null hypothesis was Acer and Quercus acclimate similarly with regards to SLW (specific leaf weight), size, and sinuosity. Our hypothesis was Quercus acclimation is greater than Acer SLW, size, and sinuosity. We tested these hypotheses by picking small sections of a branches from both maple and oak trees. A group was assigned either a maple or an oak tree, and needed a total of three different trees per group. Once three different trees were chosen, groups needed three shade leaves and three sun leaves of off each different tree. In total, each group should then end up with 18 leaves for testing. After collecting the leaves, we ran them through the LiCor 3100 leaf area meter to identify the area of each leaf. Major results found by the classes’ mutual data was each one of our p-values were greater than .05. This means that we failed to reject the null hypothesis. Thus, the lab results do not support our hypothesis that Quercus acclimation is greater than Acer SLW, size, and sinuosity.