Relationship Between the Study of Heat and Kinetic Theory of Matter and Temperature

To learn about the laws of thermodynamics and use thermodynamics formulas to calculate heat transfer

Distinguish between heat and temperature, and explain temperature using the concept of kinetic energy and the particle model of matter.

Temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in a body. Temperature can be understood by recognizing that a hot object contains more thermal energy than a cold object. The amount of thermal energy in a substance is affected by the amount of particles that are in it. Temperature is independent of number of particles in

2. The student will understand how the rates of chemical reactions are affected by temperature.

As stated in the book Five Equations that Changed the World, Michael Guillen discusses that in the 1700’s there were several principles of heat which were certain. The first principal stated that heat could only flow one way; hot to cold, and second that in heat, friction changes motion (Guillen 171).

Mass and energy are closely related.Any object that has mass when stationary in a frame of reference also has an equal amount of energy whose form is called rest energy in that frame and any additional energy acquired by the object above that rest energy will increase an object 's mass. Also light can carry energy through empty space. Light energy travels from the sun to earth across empty space in the form of electromagnetic energy. Electromagnetic waves are made of magnetic fields. Energy cannot be created or destroyed that is the Law conservation of energy. Energy does not appear or disappear. Some systems may be closed or open isolated. Open system is energy and matter are exchanged with surroundings. Closed system is energy but matter is not exchanged. Isolated system is neither energy or matter is exchanged. Temperature and energy are also related. Temperature of a substance is proportional to the average kinetic energy. All particles have kinetic energy. All particles in a substance are constantly moving. The kelvin scale is based on absolute zero. Temperature is the measure of average kinetic energy.

4. As the temperature increases, the average kinetic energy of gases increases and when the temperature decreases, the average kinetic energy of gases decreases.

Heat is a form of energy that is transferred between two substances at different temperatures. The flow of the energy is from the object of higher temperature to the object of lower temperature. The heat is measured in units of energy, usually calories or joules. Temperature on the other hand, is how cold or hot an object is. The temperature is the average kinetic energy per molecule of a substance. This is measured in degrees on the Celsius or Fahrenheit or in Kelvins.

Thermochemistry deals with energy and how it changes. We performed chemical reactions in a calorimeter, which is a device scientists use to determine the amount of heat produced by a process (or change). Processes that absorb energy are endothermic and processes that release energy are exothermic. Endothermic, processes that absorbed energy produced positive results. Where as, exothermic, processes that release energy produced negative results. This experiment also dealt with specific heat. Specific heat is the amount of heat gained or lost when one gram of a substance changes temperature by one degree Celsius. Our experiment this week explored these concepts.

Changes in heat capacity affect people in everyday life, from everyday activities like the amount of time it takes to cook to the construction of a bridge. Heat capacities are usually measured and tabulated in a different form of conditions for a multiple number of examples. Knowing the stage or property of the heat, (solid, liquid or vapor) of the substance during pressure, temperature and common desire composition is an important tool to remember before figuring up its heat. Heat capacity could be determined by the capacity of the temperature of an object multiplied by the mass as well as the chemical composition, temperature, and pressure of a substance (Science.com)

The kinetic-molecular theory is based on the idea that particles of matter are always in motion. The theory can be used to explain the properties of solids, liquids, and gases in terms of the energy of particles and the forces that act between them.

In everyday speech, heat and temperature go hand in hand: the hotter something is, the greater its temperature. However, there is a subtle difference in the way we use the two words in everyday speech, and this subtle difference becomes crucial when studying physics.

Thermal energy is the kinetic energy of all the molecules in an object. Kinetic energy is the energy of movement. Heat is the thermal energy that flows as a result of a difference in temperature. Temperature is a measure of the average value of the kinetic energy of molecules in random motion. Hot air always no matter what rises and cooler air falls due to the difference in density. The warm air being less dense rises and the cool air falls because it is denser. The 1st law of thermodynamics states that Energy can neither be created nor be destroyed. It can change form and travel to other places, but it can always be accounted for. The 2nd law states that heat will not flow spontaneously from a colder body to a hotter body. The law states that energy flows from a higher concentration to a lower concentration. It flows from hot to cold.Thermal energy is related to temperature because they are both based on the kinetic energy, and the heat is the thermal energy. There are 3 different ways to measure heat and they are Fahrenheit, Celsius, and Kelvin. In Fahrenheit, the freezing point of water is 32 degrees the boiling point is 212 degrees. In Celsius freezing point is 0 degrees and the boiling point is 100 degrees. In Kelvin, the freezing point is 273 degrees and the boiling point is 373 degrees.You can use the law of conservation and energy to make a solar oven by building a solar oven that catches the UV rays and uses the energy from them to cook food.(How Does Solar Cooking

The term thermodynamics is known as the branch of physics that covers the relationship between heat or temperature and all the forms of energy, including mechanical, electrical, or chemical. Thermodynamics is a combination of four laws, which are known as zeroth law of thermodynamics, first law of thermodynamics, second law of thermodynamics, and third law of thermodynamics. According to Wolfram, "The relation between heat and energy was important for the development of steam engines, and in 1824 Sadi Carnot had captured some of the ideas of thermodynamics in his discussion of the efficiency of an idealized engine" (1019). After this statement was made, scientist developed its laws.

Abstract—The disciplines of physics, biology, and chemistry have adopted highly diverse approaches and strategies on thermodynamics education. Many studies have addressed the problems in making the students understand the fundamentals in thermodynamics. Students tend to memorize the equations without the knowledge of their applications and therefore forget them soon after their exams. This paper talks about the challenges of teaching thermodynamics course to biotechnology students. It also highlights some of the teaching learning methods adopted in some universities in order to make the students develop interest and understand the role of thermodynamics in biotechnology. The course outcomes attainment for the thermodynamics in department of biotechnology, BMS college of Engineering, has also been compared for the last two academic years. A social learning platform called “Wiksate” has been introduced at the institution level, where thermodynamics has been chosen as the course from department of biotechnology, to see if it helps the students easily learn the basics of thermodynamics.