Reliability Analysis Of Refined Model With 25 Items And 5 Factors Essay

Thus, conscientiousness is identified as being a contributory characteristic, having an indirect influence on the well-being of an individual (McCrae & Costa, 1991; DeNeve & Cooper, 1998).

The internal consistency of this measurement used the coefficient alpha. The coefficients were all over .5, but they each had various ranges. Because the scale had such varying ranges, one could wonder if this could indicate a problem with errors? The VMQ shows an overall internal dependability and a low level of SEM. The internal consistency does surpass the requirements for a reliable instrument. According to authors of the VMQ (n.d), “…the scales approximate or exceed acceptable levels of internal consistency” (pg. 16). However, it is important to note that the scores of this test are not normally distributed, which impacts the standard deviations of the scores. While the deviation of the scores is acceptable, the test results did not have an extremely high correlation. The VMQ also demonstrated the validity scales having lower correlations (Values and Motives Questionnaire, n.d). One weakness of the reliability to consider is that the test was only compared to other tests that examined values. It did not compare values to those of other countries/cultures. Specific cultures and/or family systems have specific values that are instilled in them throughout the years. It would be beneficial to use this instrument in comparison to different demographic backgrounds. In doing this, one will be able to gain insight into how these differences can affect the results

The Family Systems Stressor-Strength Inventory (FS3I) scoring reflects how well different aspects apply to the Hyppolite family. Includes health issues, responsibilities, communications, work situation, satisfaction, housekeeping standards, etc… The Scoring was divided into two different sections, Family Perception Score and Clinical Perceptions Scores. Both sections were then divided into another three parts. The tool strengths and stressors factors are

the five personality factor theory, as well as the theories on which it is based.

“With the dawn of the 16th century, there came together in Europe both the motivation and the means to explore and colonize territory across the seas” With respect to religion, trade, and technology this seems to be a valid quote referring to the 16th century and how Europeans were able to accomplish colonization and exploration on the other half of the globe.

METHODOLOGY: The paper was a qualitative review utilizing mostly correlational methods and containing both cross-sectional and longitudinal studies.

Self-other four immeasurable scale (SOFI). (Kraus and Sears 2009) is a 16-item, self-administered scale. It measured four qualities at the core of Buddhist teachings. These quantities are: loving, compassion, joy, kindness, and acceptance toward self and others. The adolescents were able to scale their positive and negative self-emotions and emotions of others. Children’s Hope Scale (CHS). (Snyder et al. 1991) is another self-report measuring children of ages 8-16. It recorded beliefs about moving forward towards goals and initiating goals. The scale ranged from 0-84, with higher scores indicating higher confidence and hopefulness. Difficulties with emotion regulation scale (DERS) (Gratz and Roemer

The Cope Inventory was develop to assess clients on how clients would respond to stressful events in their lives. The COPE inventory has sixty questions that need to be answered honestly. This learner answered all the questions in order, 1 – 60 (Carver et al., 1989). Some of the questions mean different stressors to different people. This assessment helps people to learn something about themselves. I scored each scale and determined what number that I would relate myself to doing.

Those who met the above criteria (N = 1330), in each unit, 30-100 questionnaires were handed out. Using test of sphericity by Bartlett (p < 0.0001), and the measure of sampling adequacy (0.97) by Kaiser Mayer-Olkin, the adequacy of the data and the fitness of the correlation matrix for factor analyses were tested. Also, background factors were included in the study of support and statistical significance was set at p < 0.05 (Mattila, 2010).

Data analysis was done using the SPSS software (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, version 18.0, SPSS). The plan of data analysis is as follows.

The Analysis of the Five Factor Model In this essay, first the Five Factor Model (FFM) will be described. Secondly, psychologists for and against the model will be looked at. Following this, the stability of traits will be looked at, both longitudinal and cross situational. Finally, the application of the model within and outside psychology will be evaluated to show support that the FFM provides a solid foundation for an adequate personality psychology.

The overall scores from the subscales were used. Leadership skills were measured with 68-item version of Socially Responsible Leadership Scale. The overall composite of all eight subscales (α = .93). Psychological well-being was measured with a 54-item Ryff Scales of Psychological Well-Being. The overall index was used and includes six subscales (α = .89). Intellectual engagement indicated with 18-item Need for Cognition Scale, which does not contain any subscales (α = .90). The Intercultural effectives was measured with 15-item Miville-Guzman Universality Scale. The overall score consisted of items from three subscales (α =

Internal consistency--The application and appropriateness of internal consistency would be viewed as reliability. Internal consistency describes the continuous results provided in any given test. It guarantees that a range of items measure the singular method giving consistent scores. The appropriateness would be to use the re-test method in which the same test is given to be able to compare whether the internal consistency has done its job (Cohen & Swerdlik, 2010). For example a test that could be given is the proficiency test which provides three different parts to the test, but if a person does not pass the test the same test is given again.

The debate on standardized tests and its adequacy in testing a student’s knowledge about a subject has been going on for many years. Tests, in general, has been around for centuries and without them there would not be progress and no gleams of progress. Students ranging from elementary school to high school have experienced standardized testing. Teachers, educators, and parents are also involved in the students’ lives, which revolves around the tests, one way or another. There are many views on standardized test. However, the three most common views are: educators who are for standardized test which benefits students, educators who are at the other extreme of opposing standardized tests, and educators who view tests are a benefit if done in appropriate amounts.

The Cronbach’s alpha of the sample responses came out to be as .784, which shows that our data is 78.4%. And the KMO test which is the sampling adequacy test came out to be as .691 which should be greater than .5, implies that factor analysis can be applied on this data.