Reliability And Validity Paper

Values and Motives Questionnaire: The Technical Manual (n.d.). Retrieved from the Liberty COUN 521 website: Psytech International.

The Values and Motives Questionnaire, also known as the Values and Motives Inventory, is designed to examine a person’s motivation in relation to his values and activities. In order to ensure a comprehensive understanding of values, the VMQ assess three distinct areas, including: interpersonal, intrinsic, and extrinsic. Interpersonal values, according to the VMQ refer to one’s relationships with others. Intrinsic values contain one’s personal beliefs and attitudes. Finally, extrinsic values are one’s motivating factors at the workplace. Each of these three areas contain twelve topics

Validity refers to whether the research conducted is what it intended to be. Validity involves dependability, which means, a valid measure must be reliable. But, reliability doesn’t have to link to validity, a reliable measure is not required to be valid.

For any measure to be valuable in psychological research, it needs to be both valid and reliable (Goodwin, 2008: 128). Research is reliable when more researchers have found the same results, or, within for instance behavioural research, when the same behaviour occurs at several measurements (Goodwin, 2008: 124). There are different types of validity. Firstly, there is construct validity, which measures whether an operationalisation of a construct actually measures what it is supposed to measure. Secondly, criterion validity determines whether a certain phenomenon is related to another phenomenon, and can accurately determine future developments. Lastly, content validity determines whether a test measures all aspects of the construct that is being measured (Goodwin, 2008: 125-126).

Evaluating human services is a task that can be very complex. People can have different interpretations of the same event. Another concern is that people are not always honest. Therefore, human services will gain from effective, high quality evaluations of data collection methods. This requires that the data collection methods supply accurate and dependable information. This paper will define and describe 2 concepts of measurement known as reliability and validity,-provide examples and supporting facts as to how these concepts apply to data collection in human services, and evaluate the importance of the validity and

In the text book, “Theories and Research of Personality” written by Daniel Cervone and Lawrence A. Pervin, the authors talk about the goals to research and they are referring to reliability, validity, and ethical behavior. With reliability, the author is referring to the “extent to which observations can be replicated and whether the measures of the research are dependable or stable” (Cervone, Pervin 43, 2013). Reliability is extremely important to have when conducting research because if the research conducted is not reliable then when trying to get research out to people, other psychologists will not believe what you are trying to get across and in the long term affecting ones career. Also Cervone and Pervin talk about validity which is,

The theory of reliability states that it is impossible to calculate the reliability of a study in an exact way. Instead, reliability is estimated and this creates an imperfection in research. There are four major types of reliability. The first is inter-rater or inter-observer reliability. This means the reliability that is used to assess the degree to which the different people who are observing or rating the items being studied give estimates that are consistent regarding the same phenomenon. A good example is the popular example of a glass half empty and one that is half full. This is to mean that people who are in essence similar in every nature may have different ideas or views of the same phenomenon. This kind of reliability is estimated by using a pilot study which is used to establish the expected reliability in the main study(Rosnow & Rosenthal, 2012).

Dependability shows that the study findings are consistent, do not change over time and are able to be repeated. Conformability relates to the degree in which the findings are shaped by the respondents and not by the researcher’s bias (Cohen & Crabtree,

Reliability refers to coherence, stability and dependability in test results, generally using internal consistency to express the levels of reliability in the test. The higher reliability indicates the higher level of accordance, stabilization and dependability in test results. Reliability is the precondition of validity (Guba and Lincoln, 1981). The same findings may not generate if the same research is repeated, because many influencing factors may work in the process of research. The process of establishment in reliability research includes: the research rigorously collect and explain data in consistent investigation (internal checks); the process is transparent (sample design, field work, inquiry and rational data). Patton (1987) suggests that the use of triangulation in multiple approaches can increase the reliability in results.

A quality assessment based on the PEDro checklist, was performed for the included articles (Table 5). The questions below were answered with yes (Y) or no (N).

Test-retest reliability, which is the measurement of change over 2 different measures, is seen in regards to this assessment. This type of reliability determines if an assessment is reliable over repeated measures. The BADLS had good test-retest reliability with a coefficient of r = 0.95 (Fish, 2011, p. 452). When measuring the reliability or consistency of an assessment, the standard coefficient should be greater than 0.9 (Hinojosa, Kramer, & Rogers, 2014, p. 152). This means that the BADLS is consistent in measuring change over 2 occasions.

The manual discusses internal consistency and test-retest in terms of reliability. Internal consistency is measuring how scores on individual items relate to each other or to the test as a whole. In two subsample studies, high internal consistency was found. In the first study, with a mixed sample of 160 outpatients, Beck, Epstein et al. (1988) reported that the BAI had high internal consistency reliability (Cronbach coefficient alpha = .92), and Fydrich et al. found a slightly higher level of internal consistency (coefficient alpha = .94). This means that the items on the BAI are all measuring the same variable, anxiety.

A researcher may face threats to construct validity, which are the “quality of choices about the particular forms of the independent and dependent variables” (Packer, 2004). Accurately setting the independent and dependent variable are essential to avoid this threat. A researcher may face lack of reliability in both the independent and dependent variable, in that they vary too much from one occasion to another, and this will threaten construct validity (Packer, 2004). Reliability can also be at risk “when assessments are taken over time, performed by different people or the assessments are highly subjective” (Handley, n.d.). Researchers need to ensure that they are careful in minimizing these potential risks to reliability so that their data can be as accurate as possible (Handley,

There is no evidence about BIMOR reliability and validity measurement. However, for the purpose of this study reliability and validity measures will be performed. In order to present evidence of reliability a pilot study will be developed. In this pilot study 10 freshman male college students will be interviewed using BIMOR. These students’ responses will not be part of the final study. Once interviews are held, the researcher will perform an Interrater reliability method, in which two experts in applying BIMOR will interview 5 students each. After gathering the students’ responses to the interview, the researcher will calculate the Interclass Correlation coefficient of each of the items in BIMOR. The validity of BIMOR will be evidenced by

Reliability is defined, within psychometric testing, as the stability of a research study or measure(s). Reliability can be examined externally, Inter-rater and Test-Retest, as well as internally; which is seen in internal consistency reliability methods.