Reliability in Smart Grids

On the other hand, with innovation, you are exploring a new unforeseen array. Primarily, the processes that were designed in our project to streamline its management were not in place leading to huge gaps in data flowing smoothly in multiple environments. Moreover, when consumers were not utilizing gas or electricity, their monthly invoice generation got arduous leading to incorrect statements. Additionally, the field operators wanted a mechanism to access real time meter information at remote location as well as the ability to send meter data electronically. All of these issues were to be addressed vitally to ameliorate meter reading stability and validate the quality and reliability of the

The intricate and connect power grid system that is linked and stretched out to over 200,000 of high-tension transmission lines, which supplies the power we depend so heavily upon. What exactly does it take to keep this system working reliably? In a control room On August 14th, 2003 in New Albany, New York the board that monitors the grid throughout New York with bulbs that light up when a transmission line connection had been lost was light up all over. With a system that is almost always reliable what could cause this chaos

In any kind of a long term, power grid down scenario, you can be guaranteed that survival for you and your family will become the only thing on your mind. It’s also going to be the only thing on the mind for every other person as well, meaning that you’ll find yourself stuck in a torn apart and dangerous world where the rule of law has been effectively thrown out and everybody is competing with one another to survive.

But when Ted Koppel--one of the nation's most trusted journalists--takes up the cause, each and every one of us needs to listen. In a relatively short and readable book, Koppel succinctly and unemotionally makes the case that (a) the electric grid of the U.S. is extremely vulnerable to collapse due to either cyberwarfare, EMP attack, or solar flare; (b) due to a variety of economic and political reasons, we have not implemented necessary steps to protect the grid; and (c) most frighteningly of all, we do not have emergency plans on either the state or federal level to deal with a widespread collapse of the

The Northeast blackout of 2003 was one of the most critical blackouts in the history which affected more than 50 million people in both the United States and Canada. The main cause of this disaster was a software bug in the energy management system used by FirstEnergy Corporation, located in Akron, Ohio. This is a perfect example of poor quality coding may led to a big disaster.

As the power industry expands and improves the technological functionality, control, and monitoring components used in generation, transmission, and distribution, the vulnerabilities of the power grid to cybersecurity attacks greatly increase. Not all cybersecurity attacks are preventable, but the current security regulation and compliance requirements set by the North American Electric Reliability Corporation (NERC) are not adequate to prevent even the most common types of attacks. When attacks occur, they can lead to lengthy system blackouts where the impact may range from minor inconvenience to possible public harm in a variety of ways including loss of access to food, fuel, money, communication, asset protection and security, and even healthcare.

The use of IoT has already impacted the way cities operate. The term smart cities, is used to describe a city that possesses an IoT oriented infrastructure. “In a smart city, the digital technologies translate into better public services for inhabitants and better use of resources while reducing environmental impacts”. [3] For a smart city to be feasible, IoT must provide intelligence, interconnection, and instrumentation. Wi-Fi-enabled smart devices and low-cost sensors are components of the smart city and allow devices a way to communicate with the public via the internet. These devices collect real-time data, which not only improves the lives of residents, but transforms several sectors of public service as well. Transportation has been revolutionized by smart traffic management systems which gather data from an array of magnetic road sensors and hundreds of cameras. The result is less delay at major stop lights and increased travel speeds, because enabled drivers can see which lights are busy and monitor these areas for other vehicles and pedestrians. To lower traffic and driver search times for parking spots, parking sensors that detect parking-spaces for drivers are installed in major cities. Street lights use a method of energy saving known as adaptive lighting which enables them to determine their brightness setting, appropriate for a given situation. The smart city solution to conserving energy is through smart girds. A smart grid serves several energy management

(3) The hourly interruption costfor a variety of customers has been incorporated as a means to determine the optimal probabilistic load interruption, if required. The effects of probabilistic coordination of DERs on load

in [3], developed performance characterizations in terms of the outage events and the associated outage probabilities.

On daily basis many faults occur on the power grid and steps are to be taken to eliminate/remove this faults as quick as possible. If the fault persists for long it could result in a havoc and loss of huge amount of money, which is unacceptable.

Microgrid as an aggregator manages power scheduling of DERs and RESs to serve sustainably and reliably through energy management system (EMS) [4], [5]. Employing EMS, microgrid not only alleviates undesirable impacts of intermittencies pertained to RESs, DERs and load, but also provides secure energy services according to smart grid provisional objectives [6],[7]. EMS is in charge of synchronization with the main grid, voltage and frequency control through power balancing and preserving secure operational margins [8],[9],[10],[11],[12].

Abstract—The traditional energy networks to smart grids transformation can help in improving the reliability, performance and manageability.An efficient and real-time scheme to detect FDI(False Data Injection) attacks in smart grids, by exploiting spatial-temporal correlations between grid components. False data injection attacks have recently been introduced as an important class of cyber attacks against smart grids’ wide area measurement and monitoring systems. Once the attack is been detected, the system can take preventive action and alert the manager to take preventative action to sense the risk and to limit the risk. Defensive strategies is been presented against such attacks.

The topic of this project is hardware-implementation of communication platform for consensus-based control in power systems. Because of the capacity of existing electric power distribution is nearly full, it is a trend to develop grid technology and enhance the intelligent level of power system [1]. Therefore, it is necessary to integrate and coordinate distributed generation (DG) effectively. Development of smart grid is becoming a popular and inevitable trend. The development of distributed generation has changed the traditional mode of power supply and utilization. And intelligent control of electrical devices can minimize the power consumption and reduce the operating cost. It is much economic and energy conservation.

A key objective of smart grid efforts is to substantially increase the penetration of renewable energy sources, such as solar and wind. As per the Solar Mission under the National Action Plan on Climate Change, the central government of India plans to generate up to 20 GW grid-based solar power, and cover 20 million square metres with solar energy collectors by 2020[1]. However land acquisition is a challenge to solar farm projects in India, hence there is a need to utilize residential roof tops for harvesting of solar energy. Substantial grid integration of renewables is challenging, since their power generation is intermittent and uncontrollable. The modern electric grid permits households to consume electricity in essentially arbitrary quantities at any time, and is not currently designed for vast quantities of uncontrollable generation. Instead, the grid constantly monitors the demand for electricity, and dispatches generators to satisfy demand as it rises and falls. Fortunately, electricity demand is highly predictable when aggregating over thousands of buildings and homes. As a result, today’s grid is able to accurately plan in advance which generators to dispatch, and when, to satisfy demand.

Abstract— Voltage sag is the power quality event that occurs due to different kind of short circuit fault and the switching of heavy load. Dynamic Voltage Restorer (DVR) is one of the most common custom power device to compensate the voltage sags Usually DVR is installed between load feeder and source in the distribution system. In this paper approach to compensate voltage sag by using dynamic voltage restorer base on the d-q-0 algorithm is discussed. Simulation is done in MATLAB software and results are obtained.