Renal Cell Carcinoma Case Study

The most common genitourinary cancers are, renal cell carcinoma of the kidney, transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder, and adenocarcinoma of the prostat. 1- Renal cell carcinoma, the most common cancer of the kidney, accounts for approximately 90% of all renal malignancies. About 65,000 cases of renal cell carcinoma are diagnosed each year in the U.S. Despite advances in diagnosis, especially improved imaging techniques and the incidental diagnosis of many tumors with imaging tests for unrelated

of red blood cells, and regulates your blood pressure. Inside each kidney are more than a million small filtering units called nephrons. As blood circulates through your kidneys, the nephrons filter out waste products as well as unneeded minerals and water. This liquid waste — urine — flows through two narrow tubes (ureters) into your bladder, where it's

preliminary studies have led researchers to determine that antibody mediated blockade of the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway should have positive effects on tumor regression. This has led to the development of various drugs to target the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway. In the last decade, checkpoint inhibitory drugs have been utilized to increase cancer survival rates by blocking the PD-1--PD-L1 pathway interactions . By blocking this pathway, various immune cells such as CTLs, NK, and DCs can properly detect cancer cells and

The most common genitourinary cancers include, renal cell carcinoma of the kidney, transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder, and adenocarcinoma of the prostate. 1- Renal cell carcinoma, is the most common cancer of the kidney, accounts for approximately 90% of all renal malignancies. About 65,000 cases of renal cell carcinoma are diagnosed each year in the U.S. Despite advances in diagnosis, especially improved imaging techniques and the incidental diagnosis of many tumors with imaging tests for

Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Cancer can be classified as a typed of disease that causes an overgrowth of cells (1). The cancer cells begin to divide at an abnormal rate which can cause lumps or tumors. This disease is very widespread and includes over 100 different types. Some of the most common types of cancer include, Breast Cancer, Leukemia, Prostate Cancer, and Melanoma (2). Because this disease is so widespread and one of the leading causes of death, researchers are

malignancies, ovarian cancer continues to have the highest mortality and is the most difficult to diagnose. In the United States female population, ovarian cancer ranks fifth in absolute mortality among cancer related deaths (13,000/yr). In most reported cases, ovarian cancer, when first diagnosed is in stages III or IV in about 60 to 70% of patients which further complicates treatment of the disease (Barber, 3). Early detection in ovarian cancer is hampered by the lack of appropriate tumor markers

one to described the hemangioblastomas Those with a mutated gene have significantly increased risk of developing hemangioblastomas, which are blood vessel tumors of the brain, spinal cord, eye which are called retinal angiomas, clear cell renal cell carcinoma, which is a specific type of kidney cancer; and pheochromocytoma, which is a tumor of the adrenal gland. Kidney cysts, which are closed sacs usually filled with fluid; pancreatic cysts, epididymal cystadenomas, and endolymphatic sac tumors

Renal cell carcinoma or kidney cancer BM has been challenging to find the proper course of treatments since a large range of therapies have shown responses. There has yet to be specific biomarkers that can be identified for diagnostic purposes. Studies have shown that PI3K, AKT, and mTOR pathway are important in the development of renal carcinoma. These pathways will likely be the targets for therapy. Gastrointestinal cancer (esp. colorectal and esophageal cancer) has been shown to contribute to

INTRODUCTION Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) constitute 3% of all adult malignancies and 85% of all primary renal tumors. RCC is the third most common type of urological cancer, after prostate and bladder cancer (1). The incidence of RCC is rising, mainly due to increased incidental findings by imaging tests. Around one third of RCC patients has metastatic disease at the initial diagnosis and 30% of all patients will develop distant metastases later on.2 Most common sites of metastasis are lung (75%)

11 December 2014 Renal Cancer It is the one word that can send chills and tremors up anyone’s back, because in one word alone everything can change. Cancer, a word that in itself holds so many questions, thoughts, fears, and worries. There are over 100 different types of cancer; however all cancers begin because abnormal cells grow out of control. Normal cells follow a pattern: they grow, divide, and die. Cancer cells grow differently than normal cells. Instead of dying, the cells reproduce more abnormal