Report On Infections Caused By Staphylococcus Aureus

The Staphylococcus aureus bacteria belongs to the Staphylococcaceae family. It is small, round shaped, and non-motile. Staphylococcus aureus stains gram positive and can often be found in small clusters (Mandal, 2010). It often forms chains and is a large contributor of soft tissue infections. It is of a yellow color, hence the name ?aureus? which comes from the Latin term ?aurum? for gold (Orenstein, n.d.). Staphylococcus aureus is found in a few spots on the human body, such as the nasal passage, the skin, the oral cavity, and even the gastrointestinal tract. Staphylococci and Streptococci are two different strands of the bacteria and are very hard to distinguish from one another. In order to tell the difference between them, without a microscope, a catalase test needs to be performed. The test is undergone by adding 3% hydrogen peroxide to both samples. Since Staphylococci are catalase positive, meaning they produce catalase, they will produce O? while the Streptococci will not because Streptococci are catalase negative (Todar, n.d.).

The bacterium is capable of producing biofilms that allow microorganisms to stick to solid surfaces forming an attachment, which is enclosed by a slime layer ("Staphylococcus epidermis"). Biofilms protect pathogens from being destroyed by disinfectants inside human bodies ("Staphylococcus epidermis"). In other words, biofilms aid pathogens in causing diseases by releasing microbial products ("Staphylococcus

Problem: An unknown bacteria in test tube #13 needs to be identified out of the list of bacteria provided as possible. Hypothesis: If different tests were carried out to identify the bacteria’s characteristics, then the bacteria could be identified, because a dichotomous key can be used to eliminate all other bacteria in the list Procedure: 1. Obtain an inoculating loop, Bunsen burner, test tube #13 and a test tube rack. 2.

Staphylococcus aureus is a gram positive cocci that forms grape like clusters, produces catalase, has a peptidoglycan and teichoic acid cell wall, and has a G + C content of DNA ranging from 30-40 mol%. An estimated 20% of the human population is long-term carriers of S. aureus, appearing in the nares of the nasal passages and also part of the natural skin flora which is the most common species of Staphylococcus to cause Staph infections. S. aureus is a successful pathogen due to a combination of nasal carriage and bacterial immuno-evasive strategies. S. aureus can cause minor skin infections, pimples, impetigo, boils or furuncles, cellulitis, folliculitis, carbuncles, scalded skin syndrome, and abscesses. Life-threatening diseases such as pneumonia, meningitis, osteomyelitis, endocarditis, toxic shock syndrome, bacteremia, and sepsis are also caused by pathenogenic S. aureus. Its extent ranges from skin, soft tissue, respiratory, bone, joint, and endovascular to wound infections. Nosocomial infections and often postsurgical wound infections are a commonly caused by S. aureus. S. aureus is also a prominent cause of food poisoning in the US, and can be transmitted by different foods, including milk and

Staphylococci are facultative anaerobes that grow by aerobic respiration or by fermentation that yields principally lactic acid. The bacteria are catalase-positive and oxidase-negative. S. Aureus can grow at a temperature range of 15 to 45 degrees and at NaCl concentrations as high as 15 percent. Nearly all strains of S. aureus produce the enzyme coagulase: nearly all strains of S. epidermis lack this enzyme.

Staphylococcus Aureus is a bacteria formed in a group. It is more commonly referred to as staph infections, ( pronounced staff ). Staph infections can be mild to severe in nature, and if left untreated can be fatal. They can be treated with different medications depending on the type of infection. Topical, oral, or intravenous medications can be used. There are many different types of staph infections to include, MRSA (methacillin resistant staphylococcus aureus), pneumonia and cellulitis. This paper will target how staph infections effect adult subjects.

This bacterium can cause many complications and can also be fatal. It is one of the many microorganisms that live on the human skin that are harmless as long as they are in balance with the other microorganisms. When they are unbalanced is when they become dangerous and can create skin infections. If the infection enters the bloodstream through an abrasion or opening in the skin then it can become fatal. Although it is a normal flora of the human body people with weak immune systems are at greatest risk of having the unbalanced microorganisms. For the structure of the bacteria, it has a much stronger cell wall than other bacterias like micrococcus. Staphylococcus is capable of growing using glucose. When the bacteria is exposed to glucose, fructose, sucrose, glycerol, and lactose it will produce an acid when it has oxygen to do

Oxford University wrote a journal on how Staphylococcus aureus lacking a cell wall-bound protein A found in isolate from bacteremia, MRSA infection, and a healthy nasal carrier lead to truncation and secretion of Staphylococcal protein A (SpA). Staphylococcus aureus is a major human pathogen that has multiple virulence factors allowing it to cause infections that can be superficial lesions to life threatening conditions. SpA contributes to S. aureus pathogen by interfering with the immune system response and the activation of inflammation. Despite S. aureus’s virulence factors it is also commensal. S. aureus is found in the anterior nares of 20-30 percent of the healthy human population. The object of this experiments was to investigate seven

Staphylococcus aureus is a type of bacteria. It stains Gram positive and is non-moving small round shaped or non-motile cocci. It is found in grape-like (staphylo-) clusters. is one of the five most common causes of infections after injury or surgery. It affects around 500,000 patients in American hospitals annually. It is abbreviated to “S. aureus” or “Staph aureus” in medical literature. S. aureus was discovered in Aberdeen, Scotland in 1880 by the surgeon Sir Alexander Ogston in pus from surgical abscesses. (Mandal, 2012).

Where does S.aurues come from? How do we contract it? How do we prevent it? These questions flow through your head wondering when there are seasonal changes this type of bacterium is always the main topic. S.aureus is a gram-positive non-motile cocci. The name staphylo comes from the structure of it which looks like grapes but in clusters. Staphylococcus is one of the most five common causes of infections after an injury or surgery (Dr. Mandal, 2012). Staphylococcus belongs to a family known as Staphylococcaceae it mainly effects humans. S.aureus is contagious so it can be transmitted from person to person or from animals to person. The main areas where S.aureus can be contacted is through minor skin infections such as pimples, impetigo as

Staphylococci are known to be opportunistic pathogens, meaning that they take advantage of a wound or weakened immune system within a host. Infections are predominantly found in hair follicles, sutures, and even along the respiratory tract (Mahon et al. 2011). Upon entering skin or mucous membranes, staphylococci are able to produce and secrete several components that allow them to survive in the host and cause damage to host tissues (Coates et al. 2014). Pathogenicity of staphylococci can be attributed to various virulence factors, including surface proteins (Protein A), exfoliatin toxins, and biofilm formation (Crossley et al. 2009).

Staphylococcus aureus is a significant bacterial pathogen, able of infecting most of the tissue in the human body (1). These diseases include deep abscesses, endocarditis, and necrotizing pneumonia (3). This pathogen often appears by autoinfection with populations carried on the skin and its ability to infect and constantly evolve makes it both a dangerous and formidable pathogen. The mechanisms whereby bacteria achieve persistence have been a constant field of study. In the case of S. aureus, there are mutant strains linked to chronic, recurrent, and antibiotic-resistant infections which are referred as small colony variants (SCVs) (3). In 1995, it was reported for the first time a linkage between S. aureus SCVs and persistent infection. (4)

Bacterial adhesion: S.uberis adheres to extracellular matrix proteins (fibrinogen, collagen, laminin) and bovine mammary epithelial cells. Fibrinogen bridges extracellular matrix proteins (ECMP) with cell surface receptors and S.uberis M-proteins bound to it and collagen promotes expression of ligands and bridges S.uberis with epithelial cells. S.uberis also interacts with ECMP through bovine pseudopods, electron-dense material or clathrin-coated pits. S.uberis adherence resists the flushing effect when milking ultimately reaching the environment where the bovine immune defences are

Virulence Factors: The most important virulence factor of S. aureus is the specific surface proteins that allow the organism to attach to host proteins. The surface proteins of this bacterium allow it to attach to host proteins such as laminin and fibronectin, which form the extracellular matrix of epithelial and endothelial cells. S. aureus also produces a number of membrane damaging toxins that allow the organism to further invade and harm the host, of which the alpha- toxin is the most well studied and is the protein responsible for septic shock. The alpha- toxin is a protein that binds to a specific receptor in platelets and monocytes in humans, forming pores that eventually destroy the cell.

In the present study, the prevalence of intI1, intI2 and intI3 among the S. aureus isolates obtained from Namazi and Ghotboddin Shirazi hospitals in Shiraz was investigated. S. aureus is one of the most important pathogenic bacteria (18). However, with the introduction of various antibiotics, the mortality rate for infections caused by this bacterium was reduced, but these bacteria were resistant to many existing antibiotics and caused many infections by improving their resistance mechanisms (18-21). The transfer of drug resistance genes by using horizontal gene transfer can speed up the process of displacement of drug resistant genes in the bacteria that is being sought and cause many therapeutic problems (22, 23). Integrons are one of