Report on Air Flow Rig and Bernoullis

6) The tape was used to measure gas accumulation in the balloon after 1minute. Measurement and qualitative observations were recorded.

In conclusion, without the assistance of Poiseuille’s law, a patient with bronchial constriction would not get the adequate amount of oxygen to feed the tissues. Poiseuille’s law states that if the radius of a tube decreases by sixteen percent, the flow rate will decrease by half. In today’s modern medicine

I took the graduated cylinder and started filling it up with water until the bottom of the meniscus was to the the 100.0 mL mark with the assistance of a dropper pipet. I then took the 13 x 100 mm test tube and slowly poured the water from the graduated cylinder into the test tube until it was full to the top. I then poured the water in the test tube out into the sink and put the graduated cylinder on the counter so I can get an accurate measurement of the lower meniscus to record on my data table. I once again followed the same procedure again filling a second test tube with water from the graduated cylinder then setting it on a straight surface to get an accurate measure of the volume to

1. Move the lid of the container up or down. Record the resulting volume and pressure

The objective of this exercise is to measure the pressure distribution across the surface on an aerofoil in a wind tunnel. The aerofoil is tested under several different Mach numbers from subsonic to supercritical. The purpose of measuring the pressure distributions is to assess the validity of the Prandtl-Glauert law and to discuss the changing chracteristics of the flow as the Mach number increases from subsonic to transonic.

In this experiment, we will collect data from the sample and use the Ideal Gas Law:

This aerofoil is placed inside a 1.00m by 0.77m test section of an open return low speed wind tunnel, with a contraction ratio of 5.6. This aerofoil is mounted on a turntable, so that the angle of attack to the horizontal can be adjusted. The wind tunnel is used in aerodynamics to research the effects of fluids moving around objects.

Being familiar with the formulas of density and unit weight of fluids is important as both values are necessary when it comes to calculating the pressure of the fluids in various regions. Thanks to these formulas, we are also able to prove that different fluids would apply different pressures at the same point.

Both the orifice and the Venturi meters produce a restriction in the flow and measure the pressure drop across the meter. The velocity of a fluid is expected to increase as the fluid flows from an open area, to a more constricted area. Assuming incompressible flow, a negligible height change, and steady state, Bernoulli’s equation can be simplified to show the correlation between the volumetric flow rate and the pressure drop. The equation for both meters is as follows:

The above equations suggest there is a flow speed at which pressure is zero, and at even higher speeds the pressure is negative. Most often, gases and liquids are not capable of negative absolute pressure, or even zero pressure, so clearly Bernoulli's equation ceases to be valid before zero pressure is reached. In liquids – when the pressure becomes too low – cavitation occurs. The above equations use a linear relationship between flow speed squared and pressure. At higher flow speeds in gases, or for sound waves in liquid, the changes in mass density become significant so that the assumption of constant density is invalid

8. In order confidently determine what substance my “G9R” was I would have to do over the boiling point experiment a couple of more times. I would turn the gas off and take the Bunsen burner away from the apparatus when the stream of bubbles started coming out from the mouth of the capillary tube. This would allow me to correctly determine when the atmospheric pressure was equal to the vapour pressure.

3. Research is under way in a few institutions to image the ventilation dynamics of the lungs through the use of hyperpolarized helium-3 gas.

I began the measureable experiment by getting a pencil and marking each centimetre for 10 centimetres so I could put this inside the wine glass to measure the height of the water. I began with 1cm and was sure to measure the height at eye level to reduce parallax error.

A volumetric pipette & measuring cylinder can be calibrated by just weighing the water they deliver. As for volumetric flask, the weight of an empty flask is recorded. Next, weigh the flask after filling it with water to the mark.

-The Reynolds number of this experiment was then calculated using equation (4) where c is the length of the aerofoil chord and is the dynamic viscosity of air.