Essay on Research 1

Galileo might be the most famous person in the development of astronomy. He is famous, not only because of the amazing work he did to advance Copernican theory of heliocentrism, but also because of the controversy that surrounded him. Using new methods and instruments, he provided compelling new evidence to support Copernican theory. He also contributed to the development of theories of physics that could account for the movements of bodies in new terms. His observations of the movements of objects in the heavens required different explanations than the old ideas about the heavens. It required him, and others, to begin to understand the reasons to explain these new observations. His efforts to publicize his findings was met by

Galileo was responsible for the creation of modern science becoming a discipline and its concepts and method a whole philosophical system. Galileo’s contributions involved using a telescope to examine space, inventing the microscope, disproving Aristotles laws, inventing the law of the pendulum, advocating the relativity of motion, and creating a mathematical physics. However one of his most important contributions was the fact that he conducted experiments, thus making him the first experimental scientist. Testing ideas with experiments was not a conventional approach in Galileo’s years therefore he revolutionized the way which science was conducted. Some of Galileo’s most important contributions to science include building a telescope of his own from scratch without ever seeing one in 1609. The observations that Galileo made through his telescope gave evidence that Earth is not the center of all things and that the planets orbited the Sun. Among his findings were the moons of Jupiter, the fact that the Moon’s surface was rough and covered in mountains and craters, the complete cycle of phases of Venus, and sunspots. Galileo observed the changing appearance of sunspots and concluded that the Sun rotates once per month around an axis that is perpendicular to the ecliptic plane. These observations supported the Copernican model but rejected the philosophy of Aristotle.

Galileo Galilei was a very influential and controversial astronomer, scientist, mathematician, teacher, and physicist. His life began in the sixteenth century and ended in the seventeenth, in which he penned several books that supported the Copernican theory of a heliocentric solar system. In the words of Drake S. (1957) “... the works of Galileo are well written, and throw light upon the origins of modern science…”(Pg. 2) Although Galileo was soon deemed a heretic by the Roman Catholic church, he continued diligently challenging Aristotelian thought and doctrine and expressing his support of the Copernican theory. As he continued to make discoveries that supported this theory, the church continued to label him as a heretic, and eventually

Another important figure in the Scientific Revolution was Galileo Galilei. He was an Italian born professor of mathematics who had a great interest in the workings of the universe. Galileo served as a professor at the University of Padua, and it was during this time that he began to question the accuracy of the Churches representation of the world. Galileo’s approach towards knowledge was much different then the afore mentioned Copernicus. Where as Copernicus presented his finding to the mercy of the church, Galileo wrote his conclusions and left the Roman Catholic Church interpret them as they chose. The very nature of his findings pitted him as an opponent of the church.

Galileo’s findings from his telescopic observations were revolutionary because he showed that the heavens were not perfect.

Throughout this book Sobel develops many themes including, Galileo’s relationships with his daughter, other family members, and the people of influence in the 17th century.

Galileo Galilei was an Italian philosopher born in 1564. As an adult, he didn’t believe the universal geocentric theory of the planets and heavens which was established by the

In Galileo’s Dialogues Concerning Two New Sciences, the discussion is broken up into multiple days. In the First Day, Galileo, through the dialogue between Simplicio, Sagredo, and Salviati, discusses and exemplifies various topics. They begin by considering scale in mechanics, and then later, infinity, void, and end the day by discussing pendulums and the vibrations of strings. These topics are ultimately main ideas of the text, and are explored through dialogue and proposed practicals. However, the form of the text itself is of as much interest as the subjects, namely the purposes of the dialogue format, the three characters, and whether the form lends or detracts from the general understanding of the text. As a whole, the First Day

The purpose of this letter was to show that the Catholic Church’s condemnation of Conpernicanism is inappropriate since Galileo claims that arguments about the physical world have no bearing on church authority, as it was properly understood. I will argue that the Catholic Church’s rejection of Galileo’s ideas was because of the Church’s desire for control. As a religious man, Galileo concluded that for the physical conclusions of celestial motions (in astronomical and geometrical aspects), the Bible alone cannot explain the physical meanings, “I do not feel obliged to believe that the same God who has endowed us with senses, reason and

Galileo’s initial divulging into the science world began with a power-hungry family living in Tuscany. To the

Throughout history, examples of technological advances against the approval of the general populations are in abundance. In the early to mid 1600’s, Galileo Galilei made many scientific and mathematical discoveries. However, in this time period, many did not agree with his claims as when the Church ordered Galileo to keep quiet about his theories about the Earth orbiting around the Sun.

Prior to Galileo’s time, the Greek and medieval mind, science was a kind of formalism, a means of coordinating data, which had no bearing on the ultimate reality of things. The point was to give order to complicated data, and all that mattered was the hypothesis that was simplest to understand and most convenient. Astronomy and mathematics were regarded as the playthings of intellectuals. They were accounted as having neither philosophical nor theological relevance. There was genuine puzzlement among Churchmen that they had to get involved in a quarrel over planetary orbits.

With the rumours of Ferreira’s apostasy echoing in their minds and in great disbelief, the zealous Jesuit missionaries set off to Japan, in 1633, amidst the bloodshed of the anti-Christian purges, with the intention to locate their teacher.

Translated books were not the Jesuit’s only influence on the Japanese. Artwork and painting techniques were also brought over to Japan and were knew to the natives. (13) The new Japanese followers quickly learned

“Catholics comprise less than 1%, 440,000 Japanese citizens, of the population and a majority of people loosely affiliate themselves with Buddhism or Shinto, the indigenous religion of the nation” (Martin). In the 16th century, the expansion of the Portuguese Empire and Spanish Empire played a significant role in the growth of the Roman Catholic Church throughout the world. The Church’s influence was first transported to Japan by a Spanish Jesuit missionary, Francis Xavier, in the middle of the 16th century. The missionaries ideas, religious doctrines and goods were met by a region torn apart by a lasting Civil War dividing the region. Over the next half of century, Catholicism began to find its roots in the port city of Nagasaki. The rise in Catholicism was halted by “cultural incompatibility between Japan’s traditions and Christianity doctrines” (Spae). This paper argues that the Catholic Church, a prominently European religion in the 1500’s, clergy in Japan was forced to adapt its practices to be able to continue the expression of their religion through persecution and suppression in Japan from the mid 16th century to the late 19th century.