Research Achievements Of Construction Ergonomics

• Feature Extraction : this is the most important stage for automated markerless capture systems whether for gait recognition, activity classification or other

Review the Plagiarism and Academic Integrity website a http;/www.lc.unsw.edu.au/plagiarism/pintro.html to ensure they are familiar with the requirements to provide appropriate acknowledgement of source materials; and

The job/position of the Construction Mechanic or (CM) for short is a job rating within The Department of the Navy. A rating is a general occupation that specifies certain skills and abilities. In order to qualify for this particular job a person must sign an enlistment under contract for a minimum of five years into the United States Navy. The word enlistment refers generally to the obligation a person has to the branch he or she serves within the military.

In biomechanics, “the human body is viewed as a machine, or mechanical system, subject to the restrictions of the laws of physics. The body is broken down, figuratively of course, into a collection of body segments which include the forearm, foot, thigh, and so on. Connected to one another by pivoting joints, they are moved by muscular and/or extremely applied forces. The idea is to study the human body in action as it goes through some particular movement in order to isolate the various individual motions that make up the activity, to measure the speeds of body segments and the forces that act on them, and in general to acquire accurate data on all aspects of the movement.” (Brancazio, 1984, p.18) It has been estimated that approximately a hundred different

A specific way or style of proceeding onward foot is characterized as Gait. Gait acknowledgment could be used from a detachment that makes it proper to perceive the offenders doing incorrectly work. In this paper we utilize Hananava's model which is a geometric human body model and an aggregate of 41 Anthropometric parameters should have been measured. The systems being utilized for acknowledgment are SURF and SVM. SURF is a vigorous neighbourhood highlight finder though SVM is a cutting edge characterization strategy. The yield result is being acquired from the blend of these two calculations. Yield is through coordinating the video information outlines with recordings yield

The researchers chose to use a program called Dartfish 2D Pro Suite Software as a means of gathering their 2D data. The 3D analysis was conducted using a Vicon system. The subjects included sixteen healthy individuals, 9 males and 7 females with ages ranging from 21-30 years old. Before each participant performed the test, a member of the research team demonstrated the drop vertical jump (DVJ) using a 40 cm box. Each participant was given three practice jumps before the test began. Then, each participant had seven trials of the drop jump with less than one minute between each trial. Each trial was recorded with both 3D and 2D analysis. After the Frontal plane projection angle (FPPA), knee to ankle separation ratio (KASR), and knee separation distance (KSD) were measured for each subject based on the video recordings. They concluded that FPPA showed good interrater and intrarater reliability. It was determined that 2D analysis can be used as a cost-effective alternative to 3D analysis. However, of the four 2D techniques, KASR and KSD showed the best results. These two measurements were determined to be reliable, reproducible, and valid when compared with 3D measures. Although, if using 2D analysis, clinicians should be analyzed

Employers must take all necessary steps to keep workers safe in confined spaces, including following the OSHA Construction Confined Spaces standard. This standard applies to both new constructions in a pit and alterations and/or upgrades. Among the pit-related tasks covered by the standard are:

The first primary component of a kinesiological analysis is describing a skill. To describe a skill a person needs to figure out the primary purpose of the skill and if it asserts the need for speed, accuracy, form, and distance. Then identify the movement phases from beginning to end. Classify the skill to determine the mechanical and anatomical requirements of the skill. Break down the movements to figure out whether the movements are simultaneous, sequential or both of them. Then the person needs to evaluate the performance of the action by identifying the errors in the anatomical and mechanical analysis. To do the anatomical analysis a person should look at the skeletal joint action to analyze the process of the action. The mechanical analysis

dorsaVi presents solid real-time motion analysis device technologies, and for the first time, the device is able to accurately capture assessments up to 24 hours. This is more effective than going to an off-site facility to do fitness and biometric exams that could longer than that to produce results. dorsaVi focuses on three aspects:

Occupational health hazards are conditions in a workplace environment that pose a threat to the physical or mental health of an employee working there. Unfortunately, occupational health hazards are very common, however, providentially; many organizations have been established in order to prevent these tragedies from occurring. One of these great organizations is the Worker’s Health and Safety Centre; Ontario’s designated health and safety training center. In recent times, WHSC has taken specific initiative on taking action to prevent the occupation ergonomic hazard, causing musculoskeletal disorder. Due to the fact that Musculoskeletal Disorders may cause employees to suffer from uncomfortable pains to developing critical disabilities, it is extremely important for employers to ensure that they eliminate any hazards in the working environments, and train their employees.

Anatomical and tracking markers are used in infra-red light motion analysis to measure 3D displacement of tracking markers attached to Abnormal loading of the knee can cause knee joint injuries or disease. Tracking markers are placed on each thigh and shank laterally by adhesive coban tape to reflect infra-red light for tracking. Infra-red light is emitted by 9 cameras which are also responsible for detection of the reflected infra-red light. Anatomical markers are used as reference point for anatomical calibration by using a marked pointer. Anatomical markers are typically placed at the medial and lateral epicondyle gap. 3 bony landmarks can be marked to establish a segmental body axis system. Coordinates of the 3 segmental bony landmarks to tracking marker axis systems within the global coordinate system can then be related together. By assuming rigid body, fixed bony axis systems are then developed in relation to the tracking marker axis systems. Finally, during the walking trial, position of tracking markers relative to the global coordinate system can be measured.

Space-time Trajectories based approaches interpret the human activity as a set of space-time trajectories. A person is generally represented as a set of 2-dimensional (XY), 3-dimensional (XYZ), or 4-dimensional (XYZT) points corresponding to his or her joint positions along the space and time. Human body parts estimation methodologies, especially the stick figure modeling, are widely used to extract the joint positions of a person at each image frame. Changes in joint position of a human performing an action are recorded as space-time trajectories, constructing 3-D XYT or 4-D XYZT representations of the human activity. Figure 2.6 shows example trajectories. Figure 2.6-a shows 3-D XYZ trajectories, while figure 2.6-b shows 3-D XYT trajectories.

It is a common fact that we find a wide variety of construction machines on every construction sites, which makes the construction site easy, safe and quicker.

Many times, risks faced by contractors exist at no fault of their own. That is, in some cases the contractor is bound by a design that places specific hazards on the construction site. Designers who are cognizant of and responsive to their effort on construction safety would aid in making jobsites safer for construction workers (Gambatese et al, 1997). Situations such as these led the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health to create a safe design concept, prevention through design. Prevention

Early detection of such failures will definitely save many lives and decrease the number of injuries. This can improve the public safety and provide more reliable economical feature. Eventually, the increased awareness of the economic and social effects of such degradation especially under extreme events intensifies the need for advanced SHM, damage detection, and damage localization tools. Consequently, SHM systems are basically used to monitor the structures’ behavior during the events of vibrations or natural excitation (earthquakes, winds and live loading). Moreover, in 2002 some building design codes mandate that structures should have an installation of a structural health monitoring system especially those located in high