UNIVERSITY OF PETROLEUM & ENERGY STUDIES
CENTRE FOR CONTINUING EDUCATION
LLM
(ENERGY LAWS)
SEMESTER 1 YEAR: 2015 SESSION: JULY
ASSIGNMENT –1
FOR
Research Methodology and Legal Writing
(LLMC 701)
NAME: MONICA RANI
SAP NO/REGN NO: 500044979
Section A (20 Marks)
Write short notes on any four of the following
1. Types of Research
Ans: According to K. R. Kothari, types of research are:
i. Descriptive and Analytical- Descriptive research describes the phenomenon and situation under the study and its characteristics. The methods commonly used in this kind of research are survey method of all kinds. While in analytical research, the researcher uses his facts and information already available and analyzes them to make critical evaluation. ii. Applied and Fundamental- Analytical research aims at finding a solution for an immediate problem. While in Fundamental Research, the researcher is mainly concerned with generalization and with the formulation of a theory. iii. Quantitative and Qualitative- Quantitative research is based on the measurement of quantity or amount. Qualitative research, on the other hand, is concerned with phenomenon, i.e. Phenomenon relating to quality or kind. iv. Conceptual and Empirical- Conceptual research is related to some abstract idea or theory. It is generally used by philosophers and thinkers to develop new concept or to re-interpret the existing ones. On the other hand, empirical research relies on experience or
Qualitative research is flexible written form their results are ongoing and their conclusion can be changed while quantitative research is numerical, reliable, specific, data are collected by statistical analysis due to which quantitative are more accurate. Qualitative research uses open questions to find the depth of the information while quantitative research uses closed question, secondary data or experiments due to this it lacks the depth of the information and neglect the effect of the individuals which could be service provider, service users or other staff members.
Qualitative research depicts the attributes and characteristics of something. In Qualitative research, the portrayal is not decreased into numbers just like the case in quantitative research. In any case, this can later be accomplished through encoding process. Qualitative research furnishes the scientist with data about
Quantitative Research is using numerical data such as how many minutes, degrees, number of etc. Quantitative research is commonly used to research the number of thing for example there have been 5 members, 2 non-members and 10 monthly members attend a fitness class today.
Research questions are formulated in a study to inquire about variables, both independent and dependent variables, and the relationship between them. Research questions are categorized into two, that is, qualitative and quantitative research questions. Qualitative questions are used in qualitative research like case studies, surveys and action research where the approach is non-numerical and analyses special phenomena that occur in nature. Quantitative research on the other hand is more of a systematic approach with measurable numerical quantities that go through analysis to prove a hypothesis. Finally, the research hypothesis is either approved or disapproved with regards to the results of the analysis (Laureate Online Education B.V.
For quite a while there has been some discussion around which method of distinctions between Qualitative research and quantitative research. This has been fired in later years with some thinking that a combination of the two is best practice especially in social
The researcher must set a clear hypothesis, showing the relationship between independent and dependent variables. In quantitative research tools are used to collect numerical data. The information can be gathered using questionnaires or some type of equipment. Quantitative data is efficient at testing a hypothesis, but can miss contextual detail. In quantitative research, the researcher is often objectively separated from the subject matter. One of the ways quantitative research is different from qualitative research is that quantitative research requires extraction of large amounts of statistical data. Qualitative research is focused in on personal viewpoints and opinions of a smaller number of subjects (typically). Qualitative research can take more time than quantitative research (McCusker & Gunaydin,
Quantitative research deals with numbers and is measurable. Some examples of quantitative data are cost, number of participants and time. This type of research is systematic and uses the more traditional scientific method of data collection and presentation. Qualitative research has data that is nonnumeric in nature and it is difficult to measure. As the root of the same suggests, it gives a quality description of the data being viewed. It can include descriptions or verbal responses. Qualitative data is subjective in the sense that the answer can be different amongst various people.
A qualitative study addresses the complexity of human experience, focusing on the big picture (Rebar & Gersch, 2015); while a quantitative study breaks a problem down into small pieces and focuses on specific parts to see how they all relate (Rebar & Gersch, 2015). Qualitative methods focus on subjective information, and never try to predict or control the phenomenon of interest (Rebar & Gersch, 2015); on the other hand, quantitative methods focus on statistics and objective information, and can yield predictions and control (Rebar & Gersch, 2015).
QUALATATIVE RESEARCH (about attitudes and beleifs), QUANTATIVE RESEARCH (measured in figures that can be measured)
Descriptive research, this will not answer questions like how, when, why it has happened. It describes the characteristics of a citizens or circumstance being studied. Instead it tells us the “what” question what are the traits of the citizens or situation being studied? Although this research is highly accurate, it does not gather the causes behind a situation. So if we did a study on say “How many gangs are in Los Angeles?” This will give us an answer of how many of something, like a situation that is being studied. (Babbie, 2008)
General speaking, quantitative research is thought to be objective, however qualitative research often involves a subjective element. There are differences designs in qualitative research in comparison to quantitative research. Qualitative research involves words, pictures, or objects; Quantitative involves data in the form of numbers and statistics.
Quantitative research defines the research that can produce statistics, solid facts, and numbers. It uses measurements and statistical analyses.
Research methodology is a way to systematic solve the research problem.it is a procedure, which is followed step by step to solve a particular research problem. There are basically four types of researches
In this essay we will discuss the process of legal research, writing, and analysis. The subject matter will be presented in a clear, concise and objective manner. The textbook that we will be referencing is "Gilbert Law Summaries: Legal Research, Writing, and Analysis" 10th ed, BarBri Group, 2006.
(i) Quantitative vs Qualitative Research: Qualitative research methods is based on values and not numbers while quantitative is based on numeric and Quantifiable data to generalize in its conclusion.