Research Paper On Ad Hominem Fallacy

A fallacy, by definition, is an argument that uses poor reasoning. Before one uses a fallacy, it’s important to have full understanding or else you risk losing your whole ethos aspect of your argument. Heinrichs gives three important parts to detecting fallacies. “All you have to do is look for a bad proof, the wrong number of choices, or a disconnect between the proof and the conclusion.” (Heinrichs 146)

A fallacy is defined as a kind of error in reasoning. They can be persuasive and be created both unintentionally and intentionally in order to deceive others from the truth. Fallacies often indicate a false belief or cause of a false belief (dowden, 2006). An argument or situation commits a fallacy when the reasons offered do not support the conclusion. This defeats the purpose of the argument since its point is to give reason to support the conclusion. Fallacies affect the outcome of our everyday decision making process. There are three types of logical fallacies discussed in this paper along with the importance of utilizing critical thinking skills.

Rhetorical fallacies are “errors and manipulation of rhetoric and logical thinking,” as defined by informationisbeautiful.net. Rhetorical fallacies such as affirming the consequent, appeal to pity, and undistributed middle, can be seen in any type of debate, or conversation. Rhetorical fallacies are very apparent in politic related public speaking, as I have observed. This paper will examine three videos from the Meet the Press series and the rhetorical fallacies I identified in these three videos.

An argument is an effective strategy used to persuade individuals or public that a general opinion or perception is either right or wrong. Although, as we try to create a reasonable argument, chances are we encounter logical fallacies. A fallacy is a faulty line in reasoning that hinder our ability to make an argument invalid, affecting our ability to argue effectively. Fallacies are more commonly used as a tool to influence opinion or actions of individuals or group of individuals to as to obtain a future goal while obscuring the truth of the matter. These are more commonly referred to as propagandas, which persuades the public to be “for” or “against” certain political ideas, religion, races and opinions as a whole. A propagandist wants invoke

In the third paragraph, Hillary Clinton appealed to the emotions of her audience by using the fallacy of ad misericordiam, which appeals to pity, while describing the treatment of LGBT youth in the inner city and suburbs. The presidential nominee argued, “You can get married on Saturday, post your pictures on Sunday and get fired on Monday. That's why we've got to continue the forward march of progress” (para. 5). That is an example of Clinton making a hasty generalization. She informed her audience of an isolated case and presented it as normal, recurring event. The majority of Clinton’s sixth paragraph employed the fallacy of ad populum. She only explained her plans for office as it pertained to her audience. Her audience was at a fundraiser for leaders and supporters of LGBT rights, thus she only explained her plans to uplift the LGBT community and nothing else. Clinton used the bandwagon appeal to refer to Donald Trump’s supporters when she called to put half of them in a group called the “basket of deplorables” (para. 7). Donald Trump’s supporters are often the subject of attention because of their colorful tactics and Hillary Clinton tried to cash in on that. Lastly, the Democratic presidential nominee also employed the logical fallacy of faulty cause and effect. It is evident when she said, “We will win if people turn out to vote. There is no doubt in my mind that we will win” (para. 10). Hillary Clinton is trying to

Appeal ad Populum fallacy argues that something must be true because the majority believes it to be right. Just because many people believe something to be right does not mean it is. J.B Sanford uses this fallacy when he says that “courageous, chivalrous, and manly men and the womanly women, the real mothers and

Ad Hominem: Latin for “against the man,” and refers to the logical fallacy (error) of arguing that someone is incorrect because they are unattractive, immoral, weird, or any other bad thing you could say about them as a person. (https://literaryterms.net/ad-hominem/)

The three logical fallacies I chose to discuss are ad hominem, bandwagon, and stacking the deck. I chose these three based off examples I could think of that have been placed boldly in my face.

appealing to our audience. Patricia Roberts-Miller studied the principles of demagoguery and how they appeal to the public to make appropriate decisions. Patricia Roberts also state "that the most that information, the less likely the public will make appropriate decisions", with this information we can conclude how they can be used to appeal to the people. in different topics we use different demagoguery or fallacies to divide people into two different groups; the ingroup and outgroup. The ingroup is viewed as the good and correct group while the outgroup is viewed as wrong and bad. Demagoguery occurs mostly in times of political and economic crisis. In the speech of George Wallace on the topic of segregation and Donald Trump 's speech on the topic of immigration are perfect examples of the use of demagoguery. I will analyse the use of demagoguery and fallacies; such as grandstanding, demonising, nationalism, and hasty generalization, throughout their speeches to see how they appeal to the audience, I believe that the strategies use will show how the argument is inaccurate or how it relies on fear .

A particular fallacy that Ilyse uses includes personal attack. She uses personal attack when she mentions that she looked up the word obsessive in the dictionary and it fits perfectly with the anti-choice movement. What she says fits with personal attack fallacy because she is verbally assaulting her opponent's position by calling them compulsive and unreasonable.

Donald Trump often time attack other politicians with his inaccurate evidences. He stupidly attacked President Obama on his birth certificate because one had to be born on American soil to become a president. At the end, the state of Hawaii released President Obama birth certificate proved that he is American, put an end to Trump’s birther movement (Nakaso). Another one from Trump’s attack was on Clinton’s emails while she was a secretary of State, even though nobody knows about the emails but he shouldn’t be pointing it out because it is her privacy and he said that she should be put in jail for them(Collison). Donald Trump’s attack connected deeply in the play The Crucible in a lot of way. When the judges demand John Proctor to sign his confession so they could nail it on the church said that Proctor is dealing with the devil, but Proctor signed it and ripped it apart because the confession was a lie. Proctor rather died than let a lie shattered his pride (Miller 1231). Proctor’s wife also accused for witchcraft because the doll found in her house. Abigail and Marry Warren set Elizabeth up so she would end up in jail

The use of logical fallacies is directly connected to the “Idol of the Cave,” where the individual believe in false notion based off their background and relationships amongst one another. Indirectly stating how individuals’ personal understanding was influenced by others and criticizing, exemplifies how he had the ability to agree with the ideal of the “Idols of the Cave” through this understanding of how influential of

In political races in the United States logical fallacies are a staple in political ads. The 2012 election was no exception to this convention, especially being true in an advertisement with ex-steel plant worker Joe Soptic, speaking in Obama-affiliated Political Action Committee Priorities. The advertisement included many logical fallacies to argue against the Romney campaign. Those include post hoc reasoning, ad hominem, and slippery slope.

There are also many diverse kinds of fallacies. Some include, appeal to the popular, meaning to urge the listener to accept a position because a majority of people do it or believe in it. For example, the majority of people like soda. Therefore, soda is good. Or everyone else is doing it, so why can 't I? Another common fallacy is poisoning the well, this occurs when negative information is presented about a person before he/she speaks. In order to redirect the person 's point of view of that person. an example is, Frank is disagreeable, arrogant, and thinks he knows everything. So, let 's hear what Frank has to say about the subject. There are many more kinds of fallacies.

To start off, I should first differentiate between a formal and informal fallacy. A formal argument is when the argument lacks the correct structural form. The form of the fallacy will then be able to tell us if the fallacy is valid or invalid. The difference is in the way the argument is written, informal fallacies lack context in order to make the argument. For example, I came across a nationwide commercial that took a different approach in order to sell to the public. Rather than sell to their audience some reasons why they should chose to consult with the company they