Research Paper On Ankylosis

Osteoarthritis is a degenerative arthritis, a condition in which joint cartilage breaks down. New tissue, which grows at the ends of bones, now has no cartilage cap to control it. Instead, this new bone forms into strange lips and spurs that grind and grate and get in the way of movement of the joint. Osteoarthritis is common in older people after years of wear-and-tear that thin the cartilage and the bones. Osteoarthritis can also result from diseases in which there is softening of the bone, like Paget's disease in which the long bones of the body curve like a bow, or osteoporosis with its bowing of the shoulder called "dowager's hump," or the breakdown of other bones. Other forms of arthritis can also cause a secondary osteoarthritis.

Joint stiffness may develop after long periods of sleeping or sitting. Nodules ranging in size develop in nearly one-third of people who have rheumatoid arthritis. Nodules usually develop on the elbows, knuckles, spine, and lower leg bones. Weight loss and a low-grade fever can also occur. Rheumatoid arthritis results in the destruction of cartilage in the joints, targets the synovial lining of joints and can damage the lungs, heart and the blood vessels. It occurs when your immune system attacks the synovium which is the lining of the membranes that surround your joints. The inflammation that results thickens the synovium, and can also destroy the cartilage and bone within the joint. The tendons and ligaments that hold the joint together get weak and stretch. This process causes the joint to lose its shape and joint

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease where the body’s immune system protects the body’s health by attacking unknown substances like bacteria and viruses, and mistakenly attacks the body’s joints. This creates inflammation causing the tissue that lines the inside of joints to thicken, which results in swelling and pain in and around the joints. The tissue makes a fluid that lubricates joints and helps them move smoothly. If inflammation goes unchecked, it can damage cartilage, the elastic tissue that covers the ends of bones in a joint, as well as the bones themselves. Over time, there is loss of cartilage, and the joint spacing between bones may become smaller. Joints can become

OA was thought to affect primarily the articular cartilage of the synovial joints. One pathophysiological feature includes disruption and loss of joint cartilage. Normal joints have little friction with movement and do not wear out. The trigger of OA will begin with tissue damage from mechanical injury transmission or from defects in cartilage metabolism. Damage in tissue will stimulate chondrocytes to attempt repair, increases proteoglycans and collagen production. Although the attempt to repair will stimulate the enzymes that will degrade cartilage and trigger inflammatory cytokines which usually have only small amounts. Inflammatory mediators will trigger an inflammatory cycle that stimulates chondrocytes and synovial lining cells more which will break cartilage down. Apoptosis (death of cells) occurs to the chondrocytes. Once the cartilage is destroyed exposed bones will become eburnated (degenerative process of bone) and sclerotic (becoming rigid and unresponsive). Another Pathophysiological feature bony hypertrophy. OA of the spine cause marked thickening and proliferation of the posterior longitudinal

Osteoarthritis is a degenerative disease of articular cartilage, caused due to aging, obesity, strain, trauma, congenital anomalies, joint deformities and other factors, the degradation of joint edge and the subchondral bone reactive hyperplasia, also known as bone joint disease. The clinical features include slow progression of joint pain, tenderness, stiffness, swelling of joints, restricted motion and joint deformity.

Ankylosing Spondylitis is another chronic arthritis commonly affecting the lower spine and sacra-iliac joints but can affect upper spine and other joints. Eventually vertebrae fuse together including the sacrum and pelvis, causing pain and stiffness. There is no cure but physical therapies and medications help. It usually develops in 20s to 30s, more in men. There can be a family

Arthritis is inflammation of your joints. Most symptoms include pain, stiffness aching, and swelling in or around the joints. Various forms of arthritis, such as rheumatoid arthritis and lupus, can affect most organs and cause extensive symptoms. The term arthritis includes countless rheumatic diseases and conditions. Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disorder that targets the lining of joints. It transpires when the protective cartilage on the ends of the bones wears down over time. The most common type of arthritis is osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis is the tissue that covers the ends of bones where they form a joint. While osteoarthritis can damage any joint in the body, it typically affects joints in the spine, hands, knees and hips.

According to Majithia & Geraci (2007), rheumatoid arthritis is defined as a progressive inflammatory autoimmune disease that produces pain, oedema, redness, warmth and stiffness in the joint and may lead to joint distortion. Moreover, permanent loss of joint function, disability, joint dislocation and fibrous and bones ankylosis are the common complications of Rheumatoid arthritis (Gibofsky, 2012). Rheumatoid arthritis may last from months to lifelong and symptoms might worsen or improve over time (Gibofsky, 2012). The common sites of RA are wrists, hands, knees, ankles, and feet (Choy, 2012).

Osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the oldest and most common joint disease and has existed since pre-historic times. Traces have been found in the fossil remains of pre-historic humans. [1] Osteoarthritis is derived from the Greek word ‘osteo’, meaning ‘of the bone’, ‘arthro’, meaning ‘joint’, and ‘itis’, meaning inflammation. It is not a single disease entity, but a collection of diseases that results in similar biomechanical and structural changes in the joint structures. OA, also known as degenerative joint disease, Arthrosis or Osteoarthrosis is a group of mechanical abnormalities involving degradation of joints including articular cartilage and subchondral bone. [2] Knee OA is one of the most common musculo-skeletal disorders in the world,

Cervical spondylosis, also known as cervical osteoarthritis or neck arthritis, is a common, age-related condition that affects the joints and discs in your neck. It develops from wear and tear of the cartilage and bones found in your cervical spine, which is in your neck. While it’s largely due to age, it can be caused by other factors as well.

The insidious onset of this disease produces manifestations such as joint pain, swelling of hands, feet, and knees, fatigue, malaise, and furthermore anorexia. Since RA is characterized by systemic joint inflammation, there are numerous other illnesses that share the same ailments. Similar signs and symptoms of this disease are also found in patients diagnosed with osteoarthritis, which is inflammation of the bones. However, unlike RA, osteoarthritis is not autoimmune and is caused from everyday wear and tear of the body. Osteoarthritis tends to have a gradual, slow onset with pain affecting only areas of bone damage, where RA is systemic rapidly progressive, and can lead to widespread fatigue. Ankylosing spondylitis is also a systemic inflammation process but with that of the spinal column joints. Fibromyalgia, a medical condition characterized by widespread joint pain, can be ruled out in a patient with RA due to the fact that

Rheumatoid is a Chronic inflammatory disease , which is an inflammation in synovial tissues lining of joints causing proliferations and erodes cartilage & bones surface .the surrounding tendons and muscles that stabilize the joints will become weak and lose its function , leading to joints damage

Back pain is a common complaint among adults and young active individuals. Around 12 % -15% athletes experience back pain due to spondylolysis making it one of the commonly seen problems in sports medicine (McCleary & Congeni, 2007). According to Cavalier, Herman, Cheung and Pizzutillo (2006), “Spondylolysis is the term used to describe an anatomic defect of the pars interarticularis without displacement of the vertebral body” (p. 418). It is derived from a Greek words “spondylos” (vertebra) and “lysis” (defect) and it can be unilateral or bilateral (Leone, Cianfoni, Cerase, Magarelli & Bonomo, 2011). Spondylolysis can cause spondylolisthesis, but this paper will focus mainly on spondylolysis. Spondylolysis can be symptomatic or asymptomatic

Ankylosing Spondylitis is a disease also known as AS. It is an inflammatory disease that affects the mobility of the vertebrae in the spine and ribs. Ankylosis means “fusion” and Spondylitis means “inflammation of the spine”. This disease causes some of the vertebrae in the spine to fuse together. There is also inflammation in the spinal joints. This causes extreme pain and discomfort. There is the chance in more advanced cases for new bone to form on the spine, which leads to the spine fusing into a curved unmovable position called kyphosis. There is no cure for AS, but measures can be taken to ensure a decrease in pain and allow more comfort for those diagnosed.

degenerative arthritis in the neck, also called osteoarthritis or spondylosis, is a result of the intervertebral cartilage dystrophy.