Research Paper On Cholecystitis

Complications of Crohn’s may include bowel obstructions, ulcers, fistulas, malnutrition, anal fissures, colon cancer and other health problems. The bowel may become thickened and narrowed disallowing digestive contents to exit

Pain can last anywhere between several minutes to several hours. Warning signs are abdominal pain so intense that you can’t sit still or find a comfortable position, yellowing of your skin and the whites of your eyes, clay colored stool and high fever with chills. Complications that can occur from gallstones if left untreated are inflammation of the gallbladder (cholecystitis), blockage of pancreatic duct (gallstone pancreatitis), rupturing of the gallbladder, peritonitis, liver damage, cirrhosis and gallbladder cancer.

The name for these erosions is aphthous ulcers. These erosions, after a while, start to deepen and grow in diameter. Once they reach a certain size, they can be referred to as ulcers. These ulcers can cause scarring and they can also cause the bowel to become stiff and lose its elasticity. As Crohn’s worsens, the bowel becomes obstructed once the passageways narrow enough. This obstruction can cause a buildup of food that is still being digested, fluid and gas that comes from the stomach. This obstruction will then prevent all of those products from entering into the colon. This will cause severe abdominal cramps, nausea, vomiting, and even abdominal distention. If the ulcers located in the walls of the bowel become large or extreme enough, holes can form in the walls of the bowel. Once those holes are formed in the bowel, the bacteria normal to the bowel can then pass through those holes and spread to nearby organs and into the abdominal cavity causing what are called fistulas. These fistulas are like a channel/tunnel that is formed between the ulcer and the adjacent organ. Then when a fistula is created between the affected intestine and the bladder, it is called an enteric-vesicular fistula which can lead to UTI’s and feces being presented during urination. Next, when the fistula is formed between the intestine and skin, it is called an enteric-cutaneous fistula. What this fistula, pus and mucous exit the body through a painful opening found in the skin of the

HISTORY OF PRESENT ILLNESS: This 46-year old gentleman with past medical history significant only for degenerative disease of the bilateral hips, secondary to arthritis presents to the emergency room after having had 3 days of abdominal pain. It initially started 3 days ago and was a generalized vague abdominal complaint. Earlier this morning the pain localized and radiated to the right lower quadrant. He had some nausea without emesis. He was able to tolerate p.o earlier around 6am, but he now

Acute Pancreatitis: Acute inflammation of the pancreas.The most common pathogenic mechanism is autodigestion of the pancreas. The etiological factor injures pancreatic cells or activates the pancreatic enzymes in the pancreas rather than in the intestine which may be due to reflux of bile acids into the pancreatic duct through an open or distended sphincter of Oddi. The result may also be caused by blockage created by a gallstone. Obstruction of pancreatic ducts results in pancreatic ischemia.The pathophysiology involvement of acute pancreatitis is

One of these symptoms is jaundice, which is characterized by yellowish skin and eyes because of an inability of the liver to remove bilirubin from the blood. Patient with cirrhosis also suffering from itching, due to deposited bile's products in the skin. This patient also suffers from accumulation of fluid in legs that is called edema. As a result of the blockage of blood flow via the liver, fluid accumulation in abdomen which is worsen by the decrease in protein production. Other symptoms include fatigue, weakness, loss of appetite, weight loss and nausea. As the disease progress, complications may develop ,such as varices that happens with cirrhosis patient when the blood flow through the liver slows, so the blood from intestine go back to the vessels of the stomach and esophagus, these vessels are not meant to carry this much of blood so they dilate (varices), with increasing

The principal symptoms of Crohn’s disease are diarrhea and abdominal pain. Other symptoms include abdominal cramping and tenderness (often in lower right area), abdominal distention, fever, fatigue, and rectal bleeding. Bleeding may be serious and persistent, leading to a low red blood cell count or anemia. As the disease progresses, malnutrition, dehydration, electrolyte, imbalances, increased peristalsis, and pain around umbilicus may occur. Another symptom to be

Diagnosis of Obstetric Cholestasis is made by excluding all other liver diseases. Blood test to assess OC should generally include Liver Function tests as well as screening for Hepatitis B and C and Serum bile acids. (Bryne, 2000). Kenyon et al 2001 suggest that bile acid levels will often rise before liver function tests become abnormal so continual investigation is vital. Jacinta presented with intense pruritus however her liver function tests and serum bile levels were initially normal. Many women will have pruritus for days or weeks before the development of any abnormal liver function (Kenyon et al 2001). Midwives need to be extremely vigilant and not ignore persistent pruritus even in the presence of normal blood results. Diagnosis is suggested if a woman in the third trimester of pregnancy develops pruritus without a rash and at least one biochemical liver abnormality (See appendix) (Walker, Nelson –Piercy and Williamson, 2002). However OC has been diagnosed in women at only eight weeks gestation, (Mays 2010) and Jacinta presented to her General Practitioner with pruritus at twenty four weeks. Diagnosis can be extremely

Patients present with left lower quadrant pain, reiterating the tendency for diverticulitis to affect the sigmoid colon in western countries. The pain can be constant or intermittent, and lack of appetite, or nausea and vomiting can be present. Physical examination of the abdomen reveals localized tenderness but frank rebound or guarding should be negative. Bowel sounds are frequently distant or depressed, if bowel sounds are very active an obstruction may be present, in mild cases the bowel sounds may be normal. The WBC may be elevated and the patient may present with a fever. Occasionally a palpable mass may be felt and may be very painful. Eating exacerbated the pain of left-sided diverticulitis and pain can be lessened with the passage of feces or flatus. Patients may complain of a feeling of being bloated.

Upon review of Mr. Lars Johnson’s physical exam in the emergency room (ER), laboratory results, abdominal ultrasound, and computerized tomography (CT) scan, I diagnosed Mr. Johnson with acute acalculous cholecystitis (AAC).

Symptoms may be mild or not present at all until the gallstone blocks the flow of bile from the gallbladder. Typical symptoms include:

You need to seek immediate care when you are experiencing so much pain you can't sit comfortable, skin is turning yellow, whitening of eyes, high fever, and chills. There are different types of gallstones and these types consist of cholesterol gallstones and pigment gallstones. Cholesterol gallstones are the most common type of gallstones. These gallstones contain mostly undissolved cholesterol and are yellow in color. Pigment gallstones are when your bile contain too much bilirubin and are either black or brown in color. The cause of gallstones are not yet completely found but doctors figure they are caused by either your bile containing to much cholesterol, bile containing to much bilirubin, or by your gallbladder not emptying correctly. Doctors can diagnose gallstones in many ways. Either through blood test, MRCP, HIDA scan, endoscopic ultrasound, and ERCP. Treatment for gallstones vary. It depends on how bad they are, and size. Most people get surgery to remove their gallstones because of the pain. There are two diffrent types of surgerys to remove gallstones and they are called Laparoscopic cholecystectomy and open

The most symptoms of ulcerative colitis are abdominal pain and bloody diarrhea mixed with pus, blood and mucus. Individuals may become very sick and weak, they can suffer form anemia, weight loss, loss of appetite, rectal bleeding, loss of body fluids and nutrients, skin lesion, joint pain, and growth failure specially in children according to the extent of the disease. Just how risk factors have a different affects on everyone symptoms are also different. A quarter of the patients only have the disease only have mild symptoms while others suffer from fevers, bloody diarrhea, nausea and severe abdominal cramps. Complications may also occur outside the colon such as arthritis, inflammation of the

Gallstone disease represents an important issue in the healthcare system and one of the most common and costly of all digestive diseases if we consider the number of cholecystectomies, which are performed annually all over the world, and the hospital admission rate for complicated gallstone disease (Guarino et.al., 2013). Gallstone disease is a disorder where genetics and the environment plays a major factor. Some of the risk factors that contribute to the disease are age, gender, race, parity, and dietary factors (Guarino et. al., 2013). Gallstones are hard deposits that can be extremely small or as large as tangerine, and they tend to roam around in your gallbladder. Gallstones develop where there is too much cholesterol in the bile. When

Gallstones may sometimes cause certain symptoms. These symptoms include Chronic Indigestion, which have symptoms such as nausea, heartburn and bloating.