Research Paper On Digging Deep

There are three main layers on the Earth. The first is, the crust, the outer layer of Earth. It’s everywhere, on dry land and the ocean floor, however it’s

| Geological oceanographers and geophysicists explore the ocean floor and map submarine geologic structures. Studies of the physical and chemical properties of rocks and sediments give us valuable information about Earth’s history.

The youngest oceanic crust is located along the mid-ocean ridges where new crust is formed when the old crust is pushed away from mid – ocean ridges as a result of the seafloor spreading.

MSH is at the 46.2N 122.2W, which is on the North American plate, and is formed by the converging the Juan de Fuca plate and the North American plate. The more dense Juan de Fuca plate subducts into the mantle. Otherwise,

Robert Ballard was one of the great explorers who discovered numerous secrets about the deep sea and science while encountering new creatures and natural resources as he explored and exchanged new ideas of using technology and incorporating it into his discoveries. Ballard is known for two of his most famous findings: the shipwreck of the Titanic and the Bismarck. The ideas of using technology to assist with his findings helped him create his own equipment with his team to find out more about the deep sea. The idea came from previous discoveries where he saw the Earth’s curst crack and how it affected marine life, geology and geophysics. This led him to become intrigued and continue on to more research to show the world the mysteries of the ocean. Ballard’s exploration of the deep sea provided encounters that led to a better understanding of plate tectonics and the environment, the use of technology to find historical treasures, and the preservation of history left behind in the deep sea.

However, it was not until the second half of the 20th century that three major discoveries began to suggest how this might be possible. In 1948, a survey of the floor of the Atlantic Ocean revealed a continuous ridge running largely north to south. IT was around 1,000km wide and reaching heights of 2.5km. It was composed of volcanic rocks. Similar submarine mountain ranges were later found in the Pacific Ocean extending for over 5,000km. Magnetic surveys of the ocean floor in the 1950’s showed surprisingly regular patterns of palaeomagnetic striping about the ridges. When lavas erupt on the ocean floor, magnetic domains within iron-rich minerals in the lava are aligned with the magnetic field of the earth. This is fixed as the lava cools, and unless the rocks undergo major disturbance, they continue to record the earth’s polarity at the time of their cooling. However, as the earth’s polarity reverses around every 400,000 years, bands or stripes of normal and reverse polarity rocks are mirrored on either side of the mid-ocean ridges. This suggests that new rocks are being added equally on either side.

I was upset this was my last stop but I knew I could make the most out of it. When I got there I was kailbab limestone, and I was near the surface and exposed to the water. For millions of years I dissolving into the water. When I dissolved into the water I became a carbonate ion. I was dissolved because I was exposed to the water. After I was turned into a carbonate ion I finally left lithpsphere/limestone. I made it back home to my lovley and cozy home, at which I was born, the hydrosphere. Today I am in my cozy home telling you about my journey, which I very much enjoyed telling

For the fault zone that I chose to research for this project, I chose the Peru-Chile Trench, also known as the Chile Subduction Megathrust and as the Atacama Trench. It is called that because the area between Peru and Chile is called "The Atacama", and such was the plate named. The Peru-Chile trench is located along the western coast of Peru and Chile. It marks the zone where the Nazca plate is being subducted beneath the South American plate and is approximately 3,666 miles long. (Britannica, p.1)

The solid part of the Earth consist of solid rocks and soil. The Earths surface is the geosphere. The hydrosphere makes up all of the water on Earth's surface. The Earth is divided into three layers the crust, mantle, and the core. The crust is very brittle and this is why it was easy for Mount St. Helen to blow it to pieces. Tectonic plates are what glides underneath the underlying asthenosphere. This is what causes mountains to shift or grow. This can affect when volcanoes erupt. Volcanos are located near tectonic plate boundaries, where plates either collide or separate.

The three major types of tectonic plates are divergent, subduction and transform. Divergent plates tend to move apart from each other. Subduction plates are when oceanic plate moves under a continental plate. This can cause volcanos to erupt and large sized earthquakes. Transform plates slide back and forth against one another. The Lithosphere consists of the Earths crust and uppermost mantle. The North American plate and the South American plate are the major plates of the lithosphere. The lithosphere also consists of the Pacific plate, the African plate and the Eurasian plate. The Pacific plate is the only major plate that is mainly underwater and is also the largest plate in the lithosphere. The Earth was once one large continental body called Pangea, before the plates started

In the beginning of my life, I was created by the slow crystallization of magma below the Earth’s surface. My rock type can come in different colors including red, pink, gray, or white. I am a gray color with some white and black. I, a granite rock, am the most known type of igneous rock.

With inaccurate information, critics say they are hard to control. According to livescience.com, one of the world's first deep-sea human submersibles, Alvin, was built in 1964. Alvin made more than 4,400 dives. According to the writers at livescience.com, WHOI's AUV descending as far as 19,700 feet (6,000 m) . According to the experts at livescience.com, it can travel to a depth of 14,800 feet (4,500 meters).

Slowly descending deeper, you encounter a weightless world filled with unbelievable colors, shapes, and movement. Its almost otherworldly as you float there – still, surrounded by not air but crystal clear water. Swimming below, beside, and above you are different species of fish, corals, sea stars, turtles, and if you’re lucky maybe a dolphin or shark. There in the warm tropical waters, scuba diving is an amazing experience many people dream of but never actually make time to do.

Earth is in fact an intricate planet that has multiple layers of differing compositions. To be exact the earth has four main layers. The uppermost layer is the one humans come in most contact with, the crust. The crust consists of “thin silicate rock material”(Structure of the). Although the crust is not entirely the same. Actually there are two distinct types of crust, oceanic and continental. “The continental crust is made up of mostly rocks similar to granite while the oceanic crust is much denser and made up of a material similar to basalt”(Structure of the, Rose). The second layer is called the mantle. “The mantle is much denser than the crust and contains similar to the crust mostly solid silicate crust”(Structure of the). “As we travel further down the earth we wind up in the outer core. The outer core is a core of molten nickel and iron. Finally there’s the inner core. The inner is a solid metal core made up of nickel and iron”(Structure of the). All these layers functioning together cast out a magnetic

The continental crust consists of igneous and sedimentary rocks. The oceanic crust consists of the same with a substantial layer of sediments above the rock. The crust covers the outer ridged layer of the earth called the lithosphere. The lithosphere is divided into seven main continental plates. These continental plates are constantly moving on a viscous base.