Research Paper On Emperor Penguin

Penguins lives in north pole. penguin eats fish, ray fish, squid, cod, krill and shrimp. They live for 10 years to 25 years. Penguins huddle up to keep warm because to protect them. A penguin is a bird but it cant fly. Baby penguins are born with out feathers. Penguins dive 50 to 60 feet to catch their food. when baby penguins are about 4 weeks old they huddle up to keep warm.

Emperor penguins (Aptenodytes forsteri) in the Antarctic are fascinating flightless birds that are able to withstand incredibly harsh environments, where wind chills can reach to -76°F. Even though these penguins are able to survive the freezing temperatures, their breeding success and mortality rates are based primarily on the sea ice concentration (SIC) and sea ice extent (SIE) throughout the seasons. Sea ice concentration is a variable for climate scientists and nautical navigators to find the area of sea ice compared to the total at a given point in the ocean, whereas sea ice extent refers to a region as “ice-covered” or “not ice-covered.” During the late 1970s, there was an elongated atypical warm period with reduced

The Emperor’s lifespan is about 18-20 years and during those years they learn to hunt, avoid the animals that prey on them, and reproduce. The Emperor Penguins prey on many aquatic animals, some more than others such as Silverfish. Silverfish is the main food source that the penguins eat (according to google) but it’s not the only source. They can also eat krill and squid. The Emperor Penguins are only 3.6

Emperor penguins will dive 150m under the ice to find drill and crustaceans. They will go down 400 to 450m to find fish and squid. Some have gone down 565m to find food. They can stay under water for 2 to 9 minutes. Their record is 18 minutes.

Seahorse courtship may last from several minutes to days depending on the species of seahorse. In a wild population of H. whitei, the female seahorse traveled to her mate each morning and they interacted for 6-10 min, performing the first few movements of courtship (Vincent & Sadler, 1995). During this life stage the female's abdomen grew rounder as she prepared the eggs inside her, and the male prepared his brood pouch. He may inflate the pouch with water by opening the hole at the top of his pouch. Both seahorses were observed to point their snouts at the surface and brighten their colors many times. Eventually, both floated upward with their abdomens lined up. The female inserted her ovipositor, a tubular organ, into the male's brood pouch and deposited her eggs, where they were fertilized by male (Vincent, 1990). After courtship, both male and female seahorses exhibited visible evidence of having mated, as the female girth diminished and the male pouch filled (Vincent & Sadler,

The legs, effectively used as oars, are set wide apart and connect rather far back to the long and rounded body. Short, glossy feathers cover its body to form a dense, fur-like covering, which is waterproof and helps keep the bird warm (Gale Encyclopedia). Penguins eat many types of fish, krill, and plankton, which helps to keep the water less polluted by algae and prevent deadly red tides. Penguins adapted to the need for food and the lack of it in the Arctic. By having hunting and mating seasons, where the females lay eggs and give them to the men to watch over and protect before it hatches, while the women go and hunt in search of food for the men and the baby, penguins have created a system to survive the cold and harsh winter weather. Penguins have evolved into creatures that are protected from the cold by their own fur and can move around by sliding on their bellies since they cannot fly. Without being able to fly penguins are vulnerable to attack from

Different types of calls are made possible by an organ in the penguin’s throat called the syrinx. Each species syrinx differs slightly allowing different calls to be made. A study was conducted by Nina Thumser and Millicent Ficken that proved each species calls differ in the number of syllables, length, and frequency. This is why a recommended method used to classify the behavior of penguins is to understand and identify vocalizations. The African penguin had the greatest maximum frequency of the longest syllable when comparing it to the braying in Humboldt and Magellanic penguins. In addition, during mating seasons both sexes of African penguins will contribute their own bray call, however, in species such as the Spheniscus mendiculus commonly known as the Galapagos penguin, it’s mainly the males who bray when breeding. The African penguin also brays more frequently because they are more likely to display aggression via braying. because in a study, also done by Nina Thumser and Millicent Ficken, it was discovered that African Penguins are more aggressive towards each other than other Spheniscus penguins were towards other members.

When female penguins return to the breeding site, they bring a belly full of food that they regurgitate for the newly hatched chicks. While the male emperors go to the sea in search of food for themselves.

They feed in shallow waters, often joining sea lions, dolphins, and hammerhead sharks under the sea in search of fish. The endemic species only dives to shallow depths, and spends short periods of time in the sea each day. While the penguin’s numbers are low due to El Niño years, the population spreads around the islands while the food supply is abundant.

Male and female black-capped chickadees perform different rituals at the beginning of the breeding season, wherein male black-capped chickadees carry out male-male song contests and females actively seek out copulation events. From 1999 to 2001 Mennill et al team set out to assess dominance ranks in the black-capped chickadee population at Queen’s University Biological Station in Canada in order to evaluate which males were likely to be sought for extra pair copulations and which males were likely to lose paternity within their nests. After determining male ranking the team performed six-minute playback trials of neighboring high and low ranking males, in order to determine whether females were eavesdropping and whether or not this affected their likelihood of seeking extra pair

As a younger kid, maybe around three or four, you have probably thought that the Emperor Penguin could fly just like a Blue Jay. I mean obviously they can't but thats not my point. Now imagine, that big, tall furry friend was dying out. Yeah, thats probably scary to think about if that is your favorite animal and who wouldn't love those fluffy penguins. According to, Emperor Penguins Are Now Endangered, Warn Biologists, cleary by the title, they are becoming endangered. Thats upsets me because I have been a penguin fan since "Happy Feet" came out. Plus, I was pretty young when that came out. The article doesn't exactly explain why Emperor Penguins are dying out but it gives ideas about some things that may be happening. Such as...climate change

0% since the 1970s. Less sea ice during the winter is likely to be the cause and may explain declines seen in several species of penguins. Krill feed on the algae found under the surface of the sea ice, which acts as a kind of ‘nursery’. The Antarctic Peninsula, a key breeding ground for the krill, has experienced a striking decrease in sea ice.

Out of 5,000 mammals in the animal kingdom 95% of them do not mate for life (Than). The overall divorce rate of king penguins is 81% (Olsson). Most animals are not monogamous because it is a lot pressure to pick the right and perfect mate (Than). Also, it requires an individual to place all of their time and hope into one another all in the name of proper breeding (Than). Most penguins do not mate for life, those penguins are: King penguins, Emperor penguins, Little (Blue) penguins, Banded penguins, Chested penguins, Yellow-eyed penguins, Brush-tailed penguin and Magellanic penguins

Antarctica is Earth’s southernmost continent.Antarctica is the coldest of Earth's continents and is a frozen desert with little precipitation. There are countless number of animals(including penguins, blue whales, orcas, colossal squids and fur seals), fungi(such as Cryomyces antarcticus, and Cryomyces minteri), plants and other organisms. Nonetheless, the biodiversity is consistently changing over past century and strongly affected by the climate change in recent years.

A lek is an aggregation of males that gather to engage in competitive displays that may entice visiting females who are surveying prospective partners for copulation. A lekking species is defined by the following characteristics: male displays, strong female mate choice, and the conferring of male indirect benefits. In David Mcdonald’s article, “Cooperative Display and Relatedness Among Males in a Lek-Mating Bird” discusses about long-tailed manakins who mate in leks and cooperate in multiyear male-male partnerships. An alpha male is responsible for virtually all mating, whereas a beta male assists in the courtship displays. Such altruism by the beta male poses a problem for evolutionary theory because most theoretical treatments and empirical