Research Paper On Fibromyalgia

Many people may feel that they have Chronic Fatigue Syndrome, but the feeling is a constant feeling of exhaustion without relief. The feeling is just a constant annoyance, there is just no escape, and for some it is a life-changing thing that makes them bed-ridden. Whilst the people affected by this disease differ in several ways of life, one common thing they all share is pain and fatigue. Whilst it is the main problem that gets treated other mental problems come with CFS. Chronic Fatigue Syndrome is a debilitating disorder that’s main symptom causes he or she to be constantly tired no matter the amount of sleep that he or she get, and the way people contract it is interesting, there is also no known cure, but a few treatments are available.

The exercises listed in this article will help treat your fibromyalgia pain naturally, so you can set your sights as high as you want and achieve your goals!

Fibromyalgia is a chronic musculoskeletal syndrome that is characterized by diffuse pain, fatigue, increased sensitivity to touch, the absence of systemic or localized inflammation, the presence of fatigue, non restorative sleep, anxiety, and depression (Huether & McCance, 2017, p. 1022).

Fibromyalgia is a quite common chronic disorder, causing an overall sensation of pain and tenderness. It could be in one area of the body, but could also spread to others. Fibromyalgia tends to affect not only the physical, but mental and social way of life of the sufferer. Approximately 2-4% of Americans experience Fibromyalgia first hand, that is around 10 million people in the U.S alone, women typically being more susceptible than men. This disease is known to occur in all people, even children, therefore everyone is susceptible to getting fibromyalgia. Being knowledgeable about what fibromyalgia is, understanding what it’s like to live with it , and being aware of treatment plans available are all major factors in dealing with the disease.

Due to the fatigue and muscle soreness associated with the condition, the person affected may need to alter some daily routines. This can possibly lead to feelings of self-doubt or low self-esteem. A person diagnosed with Fibromyalgia should never try to deal with the condition on their own. Seeking help from a skilled professional such as a psychiatrist or specialist in the field is highly recommended. A person with Fibromyalgia can still live a very long and fruitful life. All the person needs to do is continue with the regimented prescribed medication, maintain a healthy lifestyle of diet and exercise, as well as proper sleeping habits and they will live out a very satisfied life. (Wallace,

According to the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases the word “fibromyalgia” comes from the Latin term for fibrous tissue (fibro) and the Greek terms for muscle (myo) and pain (algia); therefore, the term literally means muscle and connective tissue pain. Fibromyalgia affects an estimated 10 million people in the United States and 3-6% of the world population. This disorder occurs in men, women, and children of all ages and ethnic groups. As in the case of a number of other pain disorders fibromyalgia is most prevalent in women, for instance, 75-90% of people with fibromyalgia are women ("Prevalence",n.d.). Fibromyalgia can be described as a syndrome that affects the musculoskeletal, nervous, immune, digestion, and endocrine systems. The most commonly reported symptoms include: chronic widespread pain, fatigue, sleep disturbance, headaches, heightened pain in response to tactile pressure (allodynia), Irritable Bowel Syndrome, and cognitive dysfunction (known as “fibrofog”) and memory trouble ("Centers for Disease”, n.d.). Even though there is no known cause for the etiology of fibromyalgia researchers have numerous assumptions including: a family history of fibromyalgia, hormone imbalances, and being exposed to stressful or traumatic events such as car accidents, infections, or repetitive bodily injuries("Office on Women 's Health”, n.d.) . Boston’s Gail K. Adler, MD, PhD, and fellow Harvard Medical School researchers conducted a study on

Because, fibromyalgia is not physically visible. Health officials believe that it’s not a real disease. It has become a stigma against most fibromyalgia patients that they have accepted the pain that is overlooked by social security. According, to an article written by disability examiner once they have received a case and the only allegation is fibromyalgia, this makes their case poor. However, if another condition or disease is diagnosed along with fibromyalgia such as any muscle disease. Automatically their case is stronger and they’re more likely to be approved for disability. Not only, but also health officials have stated fibromyalgia patients must be severe enough to be disabling and have medical evidence and most times their cases do

This disorders pathophysiology manifest itself in a number of ways. These problems are related to central nervous system, genetics, psychological and environmental stress. Many times fibromyalgia will be present along with other identifiable disorders like rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, and irritable bowel syndrome. This can make diagnosis more complicated. Individuals experience a significantly higher sensitivity to pain sensations than a healthy person. Simply touching the skin of someone with fibromyalgia can cause great discomfort. The pathology seems to be low levels of norepinephrine and serotonin which typically act in the body as messengers to the brain to prevent pain. Fibromyalgia patients produce an abnormal amount of the stress hormone cortisol which adds to the pain felt. Sleep can be a problem as well, as a result, the sufferer in not capable of receiving the common restorative actions that a good night’s sleep can provide. It is more common for a person whose parent has fibromyalgia to get it themselves. The exact genes involved with this genetic inheritance have not been identified. Environmental conditions such as extreme emotional stress or the physical trauma of being in a serious accident can add to the likelihood fibromyalgia.

Fibromyalgia is hard to diagnose because there is not one definitive test that gives you a certain diagnosis (Smith, 2015). A detailed physical examination is the best way to diagnose fibromyalgia, symptoms that the patient will exhibit are chronic muscle pain, decreased pain threshold, tender points, incapacitating fatigue, insomnia, depression, and anxiety (Smith, 2015). Additionally, there are multiple symptoms if the patient is truly experiencing fibromyalgia. The blood test that helps rule out rheumatoid arthritis and lupus is FM/a blood test (Smith, 2015). After ruling out other serious disorders that have the same symptoms, the diagnosis for fibromyalgia includes pain in all four

nine times more likely to develop fibromyalgia than men (3). In 2014, it was found by Statistics

Pain and anxiety are commonly experienced by people in the hospital setting. In fact, pain is the most common reason people of all ages, race, and socioeconomic class seek medical attention (Hinkle and Cheever, pg. 214). Anxiety, a psychological disorder, is often present in patients suffering from pain (Liu & Petrini, 2015). According to Hinkle and Cheever, even with the many advances in management, including pharmacologic interventions as well as adjuvant therapies, pain continues to be left untreated (pg. 214). Untreated pain and anxiety can cause fatigue, sleeping disturbances, cardiac problems, increased stress, and depressive tendencies which may lead to delayed recovery time (Liu & Petrini, 2015). There are many pharmacologic interventions

Somatization is the manifestation of psychological distress as physical symptoms such as headaches, stomachaches, body aches, dizziness, and fatigue (Mai, 2004; Taylor, Szatmari, Boyle, & Offord, 1996). These somatic complaints generally cannot be traced to any diagnosable medical conditions, however they are not fictitious and may be explained by biological mechanisms involved in the stress response as well as by changes in individuals’ perception of pain (Garber, Walker, & Zeman, 1991; Mai, 2004; Rief, Hennings, Riemer, & Euteneuer, 2010). Somatic disorders account for more productivity loss, unemployment, and healthcare usage than any other psychiatric disorder, indicating the need for further research into its many predictors and causes (Mai, 2004; Poikolainen, Aalto-Setala, Marttunen, Tuulio-Henricksson, & Lonnqvist, 2000; Rief & Auer, 2000). Among

For numerous types of headaches including tension headaches, medications that contain butalbital are the most prescribed ones for the pain relief. The medicine is generally combined with aspirin or acetaminophen and some coffee. Acetaminophen eases discomfort and reduces fever. The caffeine used within the medicine assists to de-constrict the blood vessels. The tension headaches are usually triggered by the constricted blood vessels. The drug is itself classified as barbiturate. A sense of relaxation is caused by slowing the central nervous method and the nerve impulses. When combined together, Butalbital, caffeine and acetaminophen; they help ease the pain and discomfort caused by the tension headaches.

Since 2014, I am working as senior researcher in the Pain and Rehabilitation Center, University Hospital of Linköping, Faculty of Medicine, Linköping University. My current research includes epidemiology of chronic pain populations, by investigating the association of pain with different psychological and socio-demographic factors.1 2 3 My work further concerns the evaluation of psychological treatments in chronic pain patient as well as the psychometric evaluation of pain sleep instruments. 4-6 I have been also occupied with pain sleep research exploring principally the link between experience of pain and insomnia.7 8 A number of articles in accredited medical journals have already published as a result of our efforts. Furthermore, I have developed recently in collaboration with foreign institutions (University of Ioannina, Medical School, Ioannina, Greece and Imperial College of London, England) projects regarding the implementation of umbrella reviews approaches in systematic appraisal of evidence for psychological interventions in pain management 4 5

Background and Significance: Fibromyalgia (FM) symptoms such as pain and fatigue can have a severe impact on function and quality of life. The exact etiology of FM is unknown, consequently there is no single best treatment. Studies have shown that exercise plays a role in modulating adverse symptoms of FM. Aerobic exercise has clearly been shown to improve symptoms, but strength training still needs further study. Theories have also suggested that nutrition may be linked to FM; whether it is a cause or effect is still unknown. This study will examine the effects of exercise training and nutrition therapy on function, fatigue, and pain in women with FM. Subjects and Methods: Subjects will include 594 women diagnosed with FM. There will be 4 groups: an exercise group, a nutrition therapy group, an exercise and nutrition therapy group, and a control group who will receives information on FM. The intervention will last 14 weeks. Weeks 1-7 will be a buildup period and weeks 8-14 will be a period where subjects exercise for the recommended dose based on the American College of Sports Medicine guidelines. Follow-up measurement will be performed at 6 months. The fibromyalgia impact questionnaire (FIQ), multidimensional fatigue