Research Paper On HPV

In June 2006, Gardasil, a Human Papillomavirus vaccine made by Merck & Co., was licensed for use and brought to the market (“HPV Vaccine”). Gardasil, which is given into a series of three injections, targets the main types of HPV. The types targeted are HPV 6, HPV 11, HPV 16 and HPV 18, which cause ninety percent of the genital warts and are the leading causes of cervical cancer (“Cervical Cancer Symptoms, Causes, Treatments”). Brought to the attention by researchers “combined, those strains affect an estimated 3 million women in the U.S” (“HPV Vaccine”). Since HPV is so common in the United States, the makers of Gardasil are trying to get a law approved that will make the shots mandatory. In 2006,

This year alone approximately 12,360 documented new cases of cervical cancer in the United States and 4,020 deaths according to National Cancer Institute (“Cervical Cancer”, 2014). Cervical cancer is a slow growing cancer that grows in the tissues of the cervix (an organ that connects the uterus and vagina). The disease is predominantly caused by the human papillomavirus infection (HPV). According to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention, the HPV virus is so common that nearly all sexually active women and men get it at some point in their lives. Many types of HPV exist, some causing genital warts and potentially cervical cancer. Individuals can get HPV by having unprotected genital to genital touching, oral, vaginal, or anal sex. Anyone who is sexually active can get HPV, and can develop symptoms years after they had sex with someone who is infected, making it difficult to know when they first became infected.

There are two HPV vaccines available for females (Cervarix and Gardasil) that protect against cervical cancer (CDC, 2013). The CDC Advisory Committee on Immunization

Prophylactic vaccination against high risk human papilloma virus 16 and 18 represents an exciting means of protection against HPV related malignancy. However, this strategy alone, even if there is a level of cross protection against other oncogenic viruses, cannot completely prevent cervical cancer. In some countries cervical screening programs have reduced the incidence of invasive cervical cancer by up to 80 percent although this decline has now reached a plateau with current cancers occurring in patients who have failed to attend for screening or where the sensitivity of the tests have proved inadequate. Cervical screening is inevitably associated with significant anxiety for the many women who require investigation and treatment following abnormal cervical cytology. However, it is vitally important to stress the need for continued cervical screening to complement vaccination in order to optimize prevention in vaccines and prevent cervical cancer in older women where the value of vaccination is currently unclear. It is likely that vaccination will ultimately change the natural history of HPV disease by reducing the influence of the highly oncogenic types HPV 16 and 18. In the long term this is likely to lead to an increase in recommended screening intervals. HPV vaccination may also reduce

Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is a widespread sexually transmitted infection. Approximately 14 million Americans are infected with HPV each year ("HPV Vaccine for Preteens and Teens,"). HPV also causes several types of cancers, such as vaginal cancer and anal cancer. More than 27,000 women and men are affected by a HPV-related cancer annually ("The Link Between HPV and Cancer,"). The most common HPV cancers for women and men are cervical cancer, and oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancers, respectively. Research has demonstrated that many cancers caused by HPV can be prevented by the HPV vaccine, which is administered in 3 doses over 6 months ("The

Gardasil has been tested in thousands of women and found to be nearly 100% effective in protecting against diseases caused by the four HPV types. Side effects are very uncommon and the occurrence is about 1%. Not only are HPV vaccinations safe, and effective but in today’s society it seems that they have become necessary. “An estimated 493,000 cervical cancer cases occur each year with 274,000 deaths. More than 80% of cervical cancer deaths worldwide occur in developing countries. Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer in women”. If there is a cure of this kind of epidemic, it is evident that it is necessary.

Some signs and symptoms of cervical cancer are abnormal vaginal bleeding or discharge and pelvic pain and pressure. Cervical cancer is preventable with regular screening tests. One test is a Pap test sometimes also called a Pap smear. This test looks for precancerous cells that

HPV stands for the human palliloma virus. It is estimated that there are around 100 different types of HPV. The HPV virus can cause lesions to develop on the soft palate, tonsils and tongue. It can also increase the risk of certain forms of cancer, including oral cancer and cervical cancer.

HPV vaccine was introduced in the U.S. in June 2006. It is a quadrivalent vaccine containing high risk HPV type 16 and 18 and low risk types 6 and 11.CDC recommended use of the vaccine in females of ages through 11 to 12 and catch up immunization in ages 13 through 26 years. This vaccine comprises of three doses given within 6 months. This vaccine prevents infections with HPV type 16 and 18 which are responsible for 70% of cervical cancers.

The vaccine has been proven to protect one from the most common HPV cancers such as vaginal , cervical , anal , and vulvar . Though it has yet to be proven to protect from HPV cancers such as the oropharynx and penis . Another way is to use protection when engaging in sexual activity. But the most effective way is to practice abstinence .

In women, HPV can cause infertility and the removal of reproductive organs if cancer occurs. Also the cancers that these cause are very aggressive and can be hard to treat because they are asymptomatic and can lie dormant for year and years. So by the time of diagnosis it is sometimes too far advanced. This is why even if a woman was to get a vaccine it is still extremely important to go to the gynecologist for a pap smear because although the newer Gardasil protects against many different strains, viruses that it

Papilloma is the medical name for warts in general, leading to the name human papillovirus, or HPV, the cause of most warts, as well as certain cancers. HPV refers to more than 150 kinds of viruses, each of which has an identifying number. Approximately one-third of the HPV types can cause genital and anal warts in individuals. Those types are not the types that can cause cancer. Some individuals may have several types of HPV.

HPV is the most widely recognized sexually transmitted disease, and there are more than 40 sorts of HPV that can contaminate the genital regions of guys and females. This STI is passed through genital contact, and can be transmitted even when the infected person has no signs or symptoms. Most infected individuals do not realize they are infected because signs and symptoms are not always obvious. HPV can cause serious health problems such as genital warts and cervical cancer. About 360,000 persons in the U.S. get genital warts each year, and more than 11,000 women in the U.S. get cervical cancer each year. According to this website “Approximately 79 million Americans are currently infected with HPV. About 14 million people become

Talk to your health care provider about getting the HPV vaccines. These vaccines prevent some HPV infections and cancers. It is recommended that the vaccine be given to males and females between the ages of 9 and 26 years old. It will not work if you already have HPV, and it is not recommended for pregnant women.

Human Papilloma Virus (HPV). HPV infection Is a sexually transmitted disease (STD) caused by 30 to 40 of 130 or so strains of Human Papilloma Virus.