Research Paper On Hyponatremia

The patient is a 78-year-old female who had a recent fall. She fell on the left side. She has a very large left medial thigh hematoma. She continued to feel weak and unable to care for herself at home and presented to the ED. She is known to have hypertension, insulin dependent diabetes mellitus, a TIA in 1998 with some minimal left-sided weakness and she has had nephrolithiasis. In the ED she was found that her creatinine has gone from 1.2-1.82. Sodium on admission was 130 with a glucose of 360 which suggests that she has some hyponatremia not as profoundas the 130 would suggest. The patient has a complained of pain all over her body, her neck, her arms and her back. She is evaluated by physical therapy who feels that she is unsafe

Choice “E” is the best answer. The treatment of SIADH and the need for rapid correction of hyponatremia depend on the degree of hyponatremia, whether the patient is symptomatic, and on whether the hyponatremia is acute (< 48 h) or chronic. The patient is experiencing severe symptoms of hyponatremia (unresponsive, Cheyne-Stokes respirations). Usage of any or a combination of the following is indicated: 3% hypertonic saline, loop diuretic with saline, vasopressin-2 receptor antagonists (vaptans), and water restriction. Furosemide and other loop diuretics can be used to increase the excretion of free water. The amount of excess water that must be removed to correct the hyponatremia can be calculated using total body water (TBW). TBW equals body

Describe complications that can occur as a result of dialysis and identify nursing measures that are designed to prevent these complications.

You’ll first have to calculate for the dehydration, 8lb. is converted to 3.63kg. Take 3.63kg x 0.1(10%) = 0.363L/8hrs. Deficit of 0.045375L/hr x 1000L= 45mL/hr. Once patient is properly rehydrated and no sudden loses such as vomiting or diarrhea, drop down to a maintenance dose. You can calculate the maintenance dose by multiplying the weight in kg by itself twice. Press the square root button twice and multiple the result by 80 and divide the end result by 24. So, 3.63*3.63*3.63= 47.83, square root of 47.83= 6.91. Square root of 6.91 = 2.62. 2.62*80=210.38/24=8.76mL/hr. Place an IV catheter and monitor the catheter site for infection or swelling. “Intravenous fluid therapy involves placing an intravenous catheter in the leg or neck so that a continuous drip of fluids can be given directly into the bloodstream.”(Brooks) It’s important to monitor this patient closely, too much fluids on any animal can cause overload, “development of pulmonary edema from overload of the left side of the heart”, monitor respiratory rate and signs of distress. Continue to check the skin turgor of the patient and check the capillary refill time. Once the patient is of normal hydration, fluids can be discontinued at the

Did you know that you can die from drinking too much water? Water intoxication can also be referred to as “water poisoning.” It can cause fatal disturbances in the brain functions. Meaning the normal balance of electrolytes in the body is pushed outside safe limits by overhydration. If your electrolytes drop too low too quickly, it can be fatal. Death by overhydration is rare, but it can still happen.

To avoid water overdose, these new guidelines are targeting athletes in particular. Experts say that administering a concentrated saline solution containing 3 percent sodium -- about three times higher than the concentration in normal saline solution, is a life-saving technique that can treat exercise-associated

"Reserve your right to think, for even to think wrongly is better than not to think at all,"- Hypatia.

Ancient Greece is one of the most famous ancient civilization in the world with many famous Greeks and famous laws. Greece is famous for many reasons, including its history and the invention of the democracy. The history of this civilization has spread out over such a period of time that the historian had to divide it into many different stages, the most famous of them being the Archaic, Classical and the Hellenistic periods. These periods also changed the way of the world forever. Many of them still have been talking about in nowadays day and one of the period was the Greek created the first Olympics game, the invention of the democracy in the fifth century BCE in the Greek city-state (known as a Polis) and the senate (Assembly of Athenian).

I have selected case number 1. An 85 year old man came to the emergency room with palpitations for a few days. He states that he sometimes feels light headed and dizzy. The patient’s heart rate is elevated and irregular. As he goes from a sitting position to a standing position he becomes light headed and dizzy. In taking orthostatic blood pressure you notice that they are positive.

Hypatia of Alexandria a female Greek mathematician, philosopher and astronomer in Egypt, born in Alexandria possibly in 350-370 CE. She was the daughter of the last professor in Alexandria university, Theon , who teach her Math, astronomy and philosophy. In addition to that she was the head of Neoplatonic school at Alexandria. There is no enough information about her personal life as the historian Deakin writes "The most detailed accounts we have of Hypatia's life are the records of her death. We learn more about her death from the primary sources than we do about any other aspect of her life".

Due to cold conditions of spending nearly 30 hours at sea, Hypothermia was developed. The body was losing heat faster than it was gaining it and prolonged exposure to the cold conditions, led to the body temperature dropping below 35 degrees, lower than the healthy temperature of 37 degrees. In response, organs slow down, starting to fail. If temperature keeps decreasing organs will shut down leading to heart failure or death.

Symptoms of malaria includes headache, fatigue, muscle aches, and abdominal discomfort followed by fever. Sometimes malaria may also cause diarrhea, anemia, nausea, vomiting, enlarged lever and jaundice. Failure to prompt treatment might cause mental confusion, kidney failure and death. Hypoglycameia and severe anemia is quite common in children. In pregnant women, malaria leads to intrauterine growth retardation, low birth weight, and indirect mortality from abortion, as well as increases infant mortality.

of the poor outfit of the Knight. Instead he attempts to point out that the

United States airlines are currently enjoying a boom due to streamlining over the past few years, streamlining that included mergers and acquisitions. The streamlining was because of many carriers going bankrupt in the last decade, a situation that was attributed to generous base pay rates and work rules negotiated by the unions as a result of previous good profits. The current boom is also tempered by fractious labor relations between the airlines and staff. Delta Airlines suffered from their pilots picketing in 2016. Southwest pushed back purchase of new airplanes partly because of tensions with its pilots. This is despite the two airlines having a history of good labor relations where they have awarded good remuneration to their workers, relations that have made them some of the most financially successful airlines in the world (Bhaskara, 2016).

The hypotension is a condition in which the blood pressure is much lower than the values considered being normal. Blood pressure varies from person to person. In general it is considered hypotension a condition in which the maximum pressure (or systolic) is equal to or lower than 90 mmHg and the minimum (or diastolic) is equal to or less than 60 mmHg. The hypotension causes are multiple and different significance: therefore vary from a trivial dehydration to more serious disorders. Low pressure is a disorder that can affect any person regardless of age.