Research Paper On Pyrrolo

The goal of this was to successfully accomplish the synthesis of para-Chlorophenoxyacetic acid. In this experiment, para-Chlorophenoxyacetic acid was synthesized from 4-chlorophenolate and chloroacetic acid using an SN2 reaction. The product obtained was determined to be the para isomer of Chlorophenoxyacetic acid. This was confirmed by the melting point of 157.3-157.9 ◦C. The percent yield determined at the end of the experiment was 37.83 %. The TLC analysis showed that P-Chlorophenol was less polar than P-Chlorophenoxyacetic Acid because it had an Rf value of 0.38 in comparison to the value of 0.33 on a 50:50 hexane and ethyl acetate solvent mixture. In the NMR comparison, it was shown that both the starting material of chloroacetic acid and product contained a peak of integration two around 4 ppm representing the acidic proton. In the FT-IR comparison, it was determined that the Chloroacetic acid and the para-Chlorophenoxyacetic acid both had an OH bond at 3416 cm-1 and 3429.72 cm-1 respectively. The Chloroacetic acid and para-Chlorophenoxyacetic acid also both had a carbon-oxygen double bond at 1648 cm-1 and 1654.81 cm-1 respectively. The para-Chlorophenoxyacetic acid also contained a peak at 1236.18 cm-1 which represents the C-O-C bond.

- Quinine, which helps cure malaria, is obtained from the bark of the cinchona tree found in South America.

Dictionary of organic compounds, 6th edition, Chapman and Hall, London, Volume 3(& Volume 6), 1996 Maria Lindsay and Sean P. Hickey, Organic chemistry lab 2 manual, department of Chemistry University of New Orleans

There are countless occupations in the world and many of which require a high level of skill and knowledge. In order to become a professional in any field, someone would have to spend a large amount of time being able to learn the tasks and skills needed for that specific occupation. One specific occupation that requires having the expertise of many skills is a Chemist. A chemist is a scientist who specializes in using extensive research and experiments to improve manufactured products and even create new goods. A chemist is required to obtain a bachelor's degree in the specialized field that they wish to pursue, such as: analytical, physical, and synthetic. There are many tools a chemist must be able to use in their day to day tasks, tools such as a benchtop centrifuge, calorimeters, lasers, and spectrometers. Activities a chemist may have to perform

N-tert-Butyl isoquine (GSK369796) was designed to avoid the formation of quinone imines, and entered Phase I studies. It is potent in vitro, including in the chloroquine resistant strain K1 (EC50 = 13 nM) and is active in vivo with an ED50 = 3.8 mg/kg/day, thus being comparable to amodia- quine. In spite of the excellent exposures and near quantita- tive oral bioavailabili ties in animal models, its developmen t was discontinue d due to exposures insufficient to demonstrate drug safety superior to chloroquine.

Pamaquine (Figure 2.5b) is an 8-aminoquinoline, synthesized based on the structure of methylene blue (Figure 2.5a). It is the first antimalarial drug that has activity against liver stage parasites, and can prevent the relapse of P. vivax malaria. Although pamaquine can delay the first attachment of malaria, it is an incomplete protection. So at that time, pamaquine was usually combined with quinine to treat malaria. However, pamaquine was reported with severe toxicological concerns, relating with glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency, and it is not as efficient as primaquine. Because of these problems, pamaquine is no longer used.

Bromophenols have attracted much attention as potential PTP1B inhibitors due to their suspected anti-diabetic activity.4 Bromophenols occur naturally in marine organisms such as algae, mollusks and jellyfish. (±)-Polysiphenol (1, figure 1) is an example of a bromophenol that can be extracted from the marine algae Polisiphonia Ferulecea.5 After the Braddock group successfully achieved the first total synthesis of (±)-polysiphenol and the separation of its enantiomers, they collaborated with the Woscholski group to test their inhibitory activity in PTP1B enzymatic assays.6,7 Both enantiomers of polysiphenol were essentially found to be identical in PTP1B inhibitory activity. Thus polysiphenol, as single enantiomers, cannot be responsible for the observed inhibition. This implicates a chemical change of polysiphenol into a non-chiral form is likely to take place under the conditions of the assay. One possibility is the formation of a para-quinone methide species (4, figure 1), which in turn can tautomerise into an ortho-quinone methide species (5, figure 1). Thus there are various possible reactive species that might be responsible for the observed inhibition of PTP1B. The formation of quinones highlights a red flag in drug discovery due to their highly reactive nature. Quinones are Michael acceptors that are known to cause toxicity in vivo by covalently binding to nucleophilic sites on proteins and DNA.8 Consequently, quinones

Plumbagin, a quinonoid constituent isolated from the root of Plumbago zeylanica L., has been shown to exert anticarcinogenic, antiatherosclerotic, and antimicrobial effects.

Eight new Chalcones were synthesized by condensing 3-acetyl-2,5-dimethylfuran with aldehyde derivatives in dilute ethanolic potassium hydroxide solution at room temperature according to Claisen-Schmidt condensation. All these compounds were characterized by means of their IR, Mass and 1H NMR spectroscopic data and microanalyses. The antimicrobial activity of these compounds was evaluated by the cup plate method. Keywords: Chalcones, Synthesis, Antimicrobial activity. Introduction Chalcones either natural or synthetic are known to exhibit various biological activities.

The rational use of click approach for the discovery of new medicinal agents takes advantages of the structurally unique compounds provided by the rapid increase of molecular complexity [1]. Quinazoline compounds tethered to biomolecules via triazole linker produced by combination of an unusual quinazolinone scaffold with the possibility of functionalization at N-atoms were not reported. Quinazoline and its derivatives are versatile nitrogen heterocyclic compounds, which known as a promising class of biologically active compounds. quinazolin-4-one derivatives exhibited a wide range of pharmacological properties such as CNS depressant, sedative, hypnotic, antidepressant, anesthetic, tranquilizer, anticonvulsant, muscle relaxant, antiviral, antibacterial,

The goal is to propose a total synthesis methodology of several decahydroquinoline alkaloids. I have learned and utilized numerous organic techniques including flash column chromatography, anhydrous chemistry, 1H-NMR, and 13C-NMR.

A dynamic balance between free radicals and antioxidants is necessary for proper physiological function [4]. Natural antioxidants may be incompetent in promoting complete protection from free radicals. Various synthetic antioxidants such as butylated hydxoxyanisole, butylated hydxoxytoluene, propyl gallate, tertiary butyl hydroquinone play a key role in scavenging of free radicals, and some of them have been shown to possess potent scavenging ability than the natural antioxidants

Quinestrol is 3-cyclopentyl ether of ethynyl estradiol. After gastrointestinal absorption, Quinestrol is stored in adipose tissue, where it is slowly released and metabolized in the liver to its active form, ethinyl estradiol.

These turning points led to the formation of several bis-triazoles. The first was a chloroacetyl derivative, which was reacted with 1,2,4-triazol to yield a ketone, which was then converted to an epoxide and then opened, resulting in the first bis-triazole derivative. The second approach required converting dichloroacetone to dichloropropanol derivative and reacting it with 1,2,4-triazole, which produced the second bis-triazole. These bis-triazoles were then synthesized in a large number of 2-substituted 1,3-bis-triazolylpropan-2-ol derivatives. Out of the tested derivatives, it was found that the 2,4-difluorophenyl analogue was water soluble, meaning it was could be used intravenously; hence the successful development of fluconazole.2

Till now, various kinds of antimalarial drugs are developed. Among them, the earliest one is quinine, which is isolated from Cinchona tree bark in 1800s. It is the first widely used antimalarials, and it can quickly clear the malarial parasites in blood cell, which makes it an efficient drug at that time. Later, during the World War II, higher demand for effective antimalarial drugs lead to the appearance of other alternatives, like primaquine, amodiaquine, and pyrimethamine.