Research Paper On Sulfur

Sulfur dates back to the time of cavemen. Sulfur is recognized in the Bible in Psalm 11:6, reading, “On the wicked he will rain fiery coals and burning sulfur; a scorching wind will be their lot.” Sulfur wasn’t mentioned in the Bible once, but it was referenced 15 times. Early peoples believed Sulfur came from the stars. Sulfur occurs in areas within a vicinity of volcanic activity. Also, Sulfur occurs as sulfide in most of Earth’s rocks. After a long history, Lavioser identified Sulfur as an element in 1777. 32 years

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As a result of this Sulfur is the 10th most abundant element in the universe. Sulfur, typically in the form of sulfide, is present in many types of meteorites. The distinctive color of Jupiter’s volcanic moon Io are caused by various forms of molten, solid, and gaseous sulfur. On Earth, elemental sulfur can be found near hot springs and volcanic areas in many parts of the world. Sulfur is commonly mined in Indonesia, Chile, and Japan. Historically Sicily, Italy was a large source of sulfur in the Industrial Revolution. Sulfur can be found in salt deposits along the Gulf of Mexico and evaporites in eastern Europe and western Asia. Native sulfur may be produced by geological processes alone. Fossil-based sulfur deposits were until recently the basis of commercial production in the United States, Russia, Turkmenistan, and Ukraine. Currently commercial production is carried out in the Osiek mine in

Since the 1990s, there have been many conspiracy theories surrounding the concern of pollution through chemtrails. William Thomas began describing plots by the government to inject poisons into the atmosphere through the exhaust of jet fuel. Chemtrails is a relatively new word that evolved from contrails. Contrails are normal because when a plane travels at a very high altitude, it compresses the air into water vapor or ice crystals through jet engines which then eventually evaporates. Chemtrails, on the other hand, are not normal. Instead of disappearing like a contrail does, it keeps spreading out and forms a hazy cloud bank. They look like contrails initially, but are much thicker and extend across the sky. Seeing these streaks in the sky is an everyday occurrence and is meaningless to most, but many people are becoming alarmed, and even scared about this common site. What else is part of this condensation coming from the sky?

According to NASA clouds are made of water or ice crystals floating in the sky, not gas (add reference). A scientific explanation of how clouds are form is that water vapour evaporates from the earth into the atmosphere than condenses on the earth. There are many different reasons as to why clouds are formed. Some other ways include when dust, smoke or other particles are suspended into the air or when water vapour condenses into particles into the air (Skamp & Preston, 2007, p.

Volcano eruptions happen more often that you know it. They even happen in Alaska. Earlier this year a volcano in Alaska had erupted. This was Pavlof Volcano. This massive eruption had a large cloud of ash and debris more than 7 miles into the air. Pavlof Volcano is 625 miles southwest of Anchorage. Lava shooting out of the volcano was seen by many people near the area. Strong winds had also carried a lot of ash and debris throughout the interior of the state.

There are 5 gases coming out of the volcano that can be hazardous to the civilization, animals, plantation, and all the live creatures around. Even though the most abundant gas that comes off is water vapor (which is not harmful to our health), the magma still liberates another substances as hydrogen sulfide, carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, and hydrogen halides.

The most well studied eruption was the Mt Pinatubo eruption of 1991, although not the largest in history. The Pinatubo eruption produced an estimated peak aerosol mass loading of 30 x 1012 g or 30 Tg, making it the largest measured injection into the stratosphere in the 20th century (McCormick and Viega 1992). This eruption ejected high levels of SO2 and as measured by the Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) was found to be 20Tg (Bluth 2003). Figure 1 shows the movement of the sulfur aerosols throughout April 1991 through January 1994. The transport of gases was very rapid south across the equator with this eruption due to the meridional circulations not previously seen in other eruptions such as El Chichón. In a study done by Young et. al. 1994 found that the southward transport of aerosol measured with the satellites SAGE II and ISAMS (Grainger 1993) were caused by local heating which induced this circulation. At

- Very hot flows from the eruption that destroy wilderness and nearby towns. They leave deposits that build up with each flow.

These superfast mega-explosions of steam, rock and ash stick to the sides of the volcano, reaching speeds of up to over 400 miles per hour as they head downslope. Mount Ontake’s most recent eruption was a smaller one which is a blowout of ash, rock, and steam, without the presence of lava. This type of eruption is also known as a phreatic eruption. The immense amount of carbon dioxide or hydrogen sulfide from these eruptions can asphyxiate people. It appears as though many of the hikers stranded on the mountain suffered from

The sulfur cycle naturally transpires when minerals and rocks break down due to weathering and release sulfur into the air, the sulfur then reacts with the oxygen present in the atmosphere to create the compound sulfate. This sulfate then serves as a type of sulfur that organisms such as plants can utilize and take in, animals then consume the plants, and this, in turn, formulates many of their biological molecules. Subsequently, as animals consume one another, they redistribute sulfur through the food chain. Once they expire and begin to decompose, the sulfur is again released as a sulfate allowing some of it to return to the soil, allowing it to re-enter the geological part of the sulfur cycle (The Environmental Literacy Council, 2002).

In these eruptions, instead of the mixture of gas and ash flowing upwards, it flows outwards and hugs the ground. These eruptions are extremely dangerous.

Sulfonylureas were among the first oral medicines available for the treatment of Type 2 diabetes. They were discovered by accident in France by a researcher who was working on drugs for typhoid fever. Animals that were given sulfonylureas displayed unusual behaviors and were found to have hypoglycemia (low blood glucose). It was quickly recognized that these drugs could be used for the treatment of diabetes. The first sulfonylurea became available in 1955. Despite the many new diabetes therapies that have been discovered over the past 50 years, metformin and sulfonylureas are still two of the initial choices for treatment. Medicines in the sulfonylurea class include chlorpropamide, glyburide, glipizide and glimepiride. Sulfonylureas have gone

Occasionally, powerful blasts or collapse of tall eruption columns that carry small amounts of separate lava from the body of a flow can cause an eruption. In this particular event, similar to what happen at Mount Ontake, Japan, creates a ground-hugging portion of smoke composed of pumice and other deadly vesicular pyroclastic material with “temperatures in these clouds exceeding 1,000 ©.” 1

The sulfur dioxide has great detriment for plants and human beings. Its toxicity is large and has corrosivity and decomposability. “Sulphur is a highly noxious venom for people's health, although we can be more resistant than other creatures that live with us. For example, the level of 0,3 µg per cubic metre of air implies a potential risk for human health, but for trees, 0,2 µg is extremely dangerous. In 1956, the London smog (caused by sulfuric acid mist) led to more than 4700 deaths. The pollution of sulfur dioxide has direct effect on human beings and animals’ life. When human body absorbs the sulfur trioxide or sulfuric acid mist formed by sulfur dioxide, its stimulation and detriment would be more significant, even though its density is only 1/10 of sulfur dioxide. Some experiments have proved that the physiological reaction caused by sulfuric acid mist is four times of sulfur dioxide. If he density of sulfur dioxide increases double each year, the death rate would increase by 11%.