Research Paper On Wolbachia

Many people continue to support Lovelock’s Gaia theory today. A very wide variety of ecosystems and individual organisms working together to create one living thing is beyond fascinating. However, Lovelock’s research is still very controversial. The question still remains whether life manipulates the planet and its processes for itself,

There are three forms of symbiotic relationships namely mutualism, commensalism and parasitism. The partners in a symbiotic relationship may either benefit from, be unaffected by, or be harmed by the kind of relationship that exists between them, (Berg 2007). Mutualism is a symbiotic relationship in which both the partners benefit from the relationship, (Berg 2007). Commensalism is a symbiotic relationship whereby one party benefits while the other party is neither harmed nor benefits, (Berg 2007). Parasitism is a symbiotic relationship in which one party benefits while the other is harmed, (Berg 2007).

Ecology is the study of interactions that take place between organisms and their environment. The factors in the environment are abiotic and biotic. Abiotic factors are the nonliving components of an organism’s environment. Examples of abiotic factors are air currents, temperature, soil, light, and moisture. Conversely, biotic factors are the living components of an environment such as the organisms that inhabit an environment. There is a strong correlation between abiotic and biotic factors as an organism’s life is directly impacted by abiotic factors. Examples of biotic factors are plants, fungi, and animals. In addition, all organisms depend on other organisms directly or indirectly for food, reproduction, protection, or shelter.

An ecosystem is a community of interacting organisms and their environment. If one of the organisms is disturbed, it can change the trophic cascade which is a sequence of impacts down the food chain. Hannibal supports this statement by writing “keeping these connections going ensures healthy, functioning ecosystems, which in turn support human life.”(578) An example of this is if all of the beavers died the other organisms would go somewhere else or die due because they no longer will have dams to support their ideal habitat.

Have you ever wanted to prove somebody or even yourself that you could do better? Have you ever wanted to prove that you were better than what you were or where you came from? That’s what two girls named Kewauna and Marita wanted to do. Kewauna wanted to better her life with the OneGoal program, she took full advantage of her education by getting to know her professors and making them remember her, and anything she struggled with she made sure to study and pay extra attention to. Marita also wanted to take advantage of her education instead of telling her mom that she couldn’t handle the KIPP Academy she toughed through it, even with a 10 hour school day she will go home

Read "Lab 3: Biodiversity." This lab will allow you to investigate how various organisms alter their environments. Additionally, it will allow you to

Different characteristics of species allows for the types of niches that can be occupied and whether or not they can be coexisted for example a food specialist will have anatomical and physiological adaptations that allow it to acquire and extract energy and nutrients from one food source extremely well, but will be at a disadvantage if that food source runs low. A food generalist may not acquire as much energy from the specialist’s preferred food, but will be able to make up for that by consuming other kinds of food. We can easily envision circumstances in which either species might outcompete the other. To achieve coexistence of species the carrying capacities of certain species must not be overshot and remain

Ecosystem: a system formed by the interaction of a community of organisms with their environment

Having many different kinds of organisms ensures lots of options for hungry animals, from hawks to insects. This provides a healthy ecosystem that consists of those species working together in harmony; however, destructive behaviors can create an imbalance in it. Invasive animals like pythons and anacondas cripple the Everglades population of possums, rabbits, and foxes, along with interfering plants that grow so thickly that they block water flow and animal movement. Despite this, the conflicting species are able to recover from the damage, and rebuild the environment. “Living things, both as individuals and as systems, have resilience (the ability to recover from harm), and can bounce back

Almost every aspect of biology involves interaction between different components and systems. It starts all the way at the cellular level with the interactions of cell organelles that allow a cell to function and it goes all the way up to the way different ecosystems come together to form complex communities and interactions. It is these interactions that make biological systems complex and how cells are specialized in one animal affects the way that animal interacts with the others around it. These interactions create ever changing and unique properties that make organisms function in the way in which they do so.

Within communities, organisms compete for limited resources (food, space, mates, shelter). 613 of our native species (plants, birds, fish), compete with 240 introduced plant species, 19 introduced bird species, 9 introduced mammals and 2 amphibians. It is estimated that we have lost 30 native bird species due to this competition.

In order for an ecosystem to stay an ecosystem there are three aspects that interact with each other:

Wolbachia is a bacterium, which infects nematodes and insects, spiders, and crustaceans, which are considered arthropods. Although Wolbachia is known to be present within up to 75 % of insect species, the disease cannot be transmitted to humans or to animals. To have the help of qualified and intelligent scientist, Armstrong students is participating in this project to give other scientist a helping hand. Students of Armstrong help scientist determine the extent of Wolbachia because many strains of Wolbachia exist within the insect population.

An intrinsic issue related to David Suzuki’s postulation that diversity of all variants is useful to the perpetuation of the is his intentional disregard for the biological notion of conflict within ecosystems, specifically pertaining to invasive species and the ecosystems (and entities inhabiting the ecosystem) which are the recipients of said invasion; if a species is relocated to an ecosystem and possesses traits which fundamentally do not align with the synergistic and symbiotic nature of the ecosystem , there exists a ubiquitous consequence for the denizens who are accustomed to the relatively static nature of their environment. The socio-cultural correlation, related to the biological notion of ecosystem equilibrium, is the introduction of individuals who possess fundamental disagreements with the predominant ethical and moral perspectives of the majority of inhabitants; this, historically, results in the amplifications of tension between the two groups (primary inhabitants and incompatibly invasive) and the inexorable suppression (this has a propensity to manifest in both active and passive assimilation or the relocation of the minority into a specific region) of the incompatibly invasive or the disintegration of the primary inhabitants’ social structure . Present within both a biological and socio-cultural structure is compatibility within an ecosystem, and operating within the confines of such permits a higher degree of success when approaching multi-culturalism, but attempting to implement the unrestricted proliferation of any species or culture within an environment, as proselytized by David Suzuki, is not functional. An example of such would be introducing the Andean bear into the environment of the Asiatic black bear, in

According to Frederic Clements, the vast majority of communities function as interdependent communities, which are the ones in which species depend on each other to survive. Moreover, he proposed that most communities act as superorganism. On the other hand, Henry Gleason rejected the Clements’s proposal about the superorganism metaphor and suggested that most communities function as independent communities, which are the ones in which species do not require each other to survive. In other words, he proposed that species with independent distributions describes most communities.