Research Paper On Yersinia Pestis

The black death was a catastrophic time in our history (1347-1352) When it came to health care the way the people handled it back then was not superior. If a disease like the black death happened again today we would be more prepared for it because of the technology we have today (2017).

The Middle Ages were a very dark time, education became very unimportant and people were forced to live in very close quarters and, consequently, hygiene was atrocious and it made the perfect place for Yersinia Pestis to thrive. Yersinia Pestis is the virus responsible for the Black Death, a deadly disease that rapidly powered through Europe, killing nearly everyone in its way. The Black Death had many gruesome and scary symptoms that made bystanders sick just watching. Some people were more likely to get the Black Death than others. Because peasants had worse living conditions than the nobility, they were far more likely to catch the Plague. The history of the Plague and its track is very surprising to most people and when you see just how

other questions about the way Y. pestis spreads and problems that could have caused it from

The bacteria Yersinia Pestis is the cause of the black plague. Y. Pestis was discovered by Alexandre Yersin in 1849. The plague was the cause of one of the world's most horrific epidemics in the entire world. The plague is an infectious disease that first appeared in 1347 in China and made its way to Asia and then the Black Sea. The Black Plague has caused death to about 75 million lives. The plague is a deadly bacterial infection that can cause death if left untreated. The plague got its name the “Black Death” due to the fact that this disease caused black boils on the skin and that its victims were always on the verge of death when seen. The Plague would then soon arrive in Europe

In the early half of the fourteenth century Europe experienced one of the most deadly and disastrous epidemics this world has ever seen. The Black Death or bubonic plague which is caused by the Yersinia pestis is said to half wiped out close to half the population at the time of the outbreak. What is scary is that the same disease has had outbreaks of the plague in both North and South America in recent times but we have not had the same devastating results that we saw in Europe during the fourteenth century. Infectious disease is still the leading cause of death in the world today and as the world becomes more of a "global village" the chances of naturally transmitting diseases is ever growing. In this paper we are going to discuss the factors

“The Black Death, caused by the Yersinia pestis bacterium, first exploded in Europe between 1347 and 1351.” (Pappas) It consisted of three different plagues; The Bubonic, Septicemic, and Pneumonic plagues. It was first noticed when Genoese trading ships were docked at the Sicilian port of Messina arriving from the Black Sea. People waiting for the ships to arrive were astonished at the scene left on the ship. A big percentage of the sailors were dead. Others that were still alive, didn’t have much longer. They were very sick. They could not eat without needing to puke it up. This scene left a bad taste in the mouths of the people of Europe. They knew something was coming.

Plague is caused by the bacterium bacillus Yersinia pestis, and is carried by rodents, fleas, and mammals. Plague takes three forms: bubonic, pneumonic, and septicemic. Bubonic plague affects the lymph glands, while the pneumonic and septicemic forms affect the lungs and the blood. Today, plague can be prevented by antibiotics and strict public health measures. Three methods of controlling carriers involve sanitizing the environment, educating the public on how to prevent exposure, and using prophylactic antibiotics.

Yersenia pestis is the pathogen responsible for different types of plague such as: septicemic plague, pneumonic plague, and the bubonic plague. The purpose of this paper is to inform about the Bubonic Plague so the information given will focus on this type of plague. The plague itself is transmitted in several ways. One of them being rodents spreading it to other animals by the channels of fleas and soil that has been already contaminated. Bubonic Plague can develop from direct contact with an object that is contaminated with sputum that comes belongs to a person suffering from pneumonic plague. However, direct contact with sputum isn’t necessary, a person can be contaminated by inhaling droplets from a patient with primary pneumonic

The bacteria, Yersinia pestis, is encoded with two specific plasmids that aid in the transfer and survival of the bacteria, especially in the wild. Both of these plasmids must be present on the bacteria for full virulence of the organism. The largest of the extrachromosomal elements, with typical strains of ~100 kb, is the Murine toxin plasmid (pFra), a capsule protein. pFra is characterized by two specific factors: FI capsular protein antigen and YMT. The second plasmid, Pesticin plasmid named pPla after the plasminogen activator, happens to be the smallest of the plasmids. The bacteriocin (pesticin;Pst) and the bilanolysin and coagulase activities are found to be connected with one another and aids the former organism of Yersinia in the invasion of "the host from peripheral sites" (Carniel 41). After the bacteria is injected through a bite of the rat flea, Yersinia pestis affects the immune system similar to the bacterial agent, Bacillis anthracis. By having a Type III secretion system, the bacteria are able to find "a means ? to target virulence factors directly at host cells". The common Yersinia encoded plasmid molecule, pYV (or pLcr), found on the bacteria specifically aids in the injection of cytotoxic proteins into the macrophages, preventing the

The infectious disease known as “the Plague” is spread by a bacterium classified as Yersinia pestis, which is usually transmitted in the bites of fleas or infected animals or people.

One organism that commonly causes diseases in humans is Yersinia pestis. This bacterium is the causative agent of the infamous bubonic plague, primary septicaemic plague, and primary pneumonic plague. Y. pestis was first discovered by Shibasaburo Kitasato and Alexandre Yersin, but due to Yersin’s description of the bacteria being more accurate, this bacterium was named after him (3). There are still disputes going on for who had correctly identified Y. pestis first.

Yersinia pestis (previously called Pasteurella pestis) is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped coccobacillus, a facultative anaerobic organism that can infect humans and animals. The genus is Yersinia, and it infects both humans and animals. It causes the deadly disease called Bubonic Plague.

Yersinia pestis is a gram-negative facultative intracellular bacterium and member of the Enterobacteriaceae family that is transmitted from rodents to humans by flea vector or, less often, from human to human or even animal to human by droplets or aerosols. There are other animal vectors as well like rats, prairie dogs, squirrels, rabbits and chipmunks. Y. Pestis proliferates in the lymphoid tissue. Bacteria migrate through the cutaneous lymphatics to regional lymph nodes where they are phagocytosed but resist destruction. The bacteria increase rapidly, causing damage and necrosis of lymph nodes leading to bacteremia and further damage. Y. Pestis is made up of genes, called the Yop virulon

Yersinia Pestis is found in many different countries. It usually effects people in the tropical, subtropical, and warmer temperate climates. This plague has effected countries in Africa, the former Soviet Union, the Americas, and Asia. Since the 1990’s most human cases have been seen in Africa (Plague). The three most common countries it effects are Madagascar, the Democratic Republic of Congo and Peru. The spreading of this disease goes with the delivery of rodents it infects, which are found in all continents except Australia. Plague can be a very serious disease if it is not treated. “It has a case fatality rate of 30-60% if left untreated. In 2013 there were 783 cases reported worldwide, including 126 deaths” (Plague). In

Infectious diseases bring wreckage to some of the poorest and weakest communities in our country along with others. At the time, the Yersinia Pestis disease was only being found in some parts of the world, mainly Africa, Asia, and South America. Today our generation has many repellents that prevent any type of contact with fleas, mosquitos, moths, and more. However, during the mid 1800’s many were not guaranteed such a luxury; it was as simple to catch the disease if individuals were bitten by any type of rodent flea or were handling an animal that just so happened to be infected. Being the fact that rodents and their fleas are constantly involving in a cycle, the Yersinia Disease will maintain their existence in our generation and ones further