Research Program : A Little Bit Of Trait Centered Archaeology

The pharaoh was undoubtedly the most important terrestrial figure in ancient Egypt and played a significant role in the functioning of Egyptian society. Entrusted with governing the realm of Egypt and providing a link between the Egyptian people and the gods, pharaohs were “an essential element in the maintenance of the position of society in the order of creation”. This idea has been substantiated through the various artefacts located in tombs in the Valley of the Kings, particularly that of Tutankhamun. These finds have shed light on the role and lifestyle of the pharaoh in ancient Egypt. Through the discovery and analysis of these items, historians and archaeologists alike have been able to glean considerable amounts of information in

The ancient civilizations of the Ancient Egypt, as well as the great Mesopotamia, are the world’s greatest civilization as recorded by history. The civilization was highly facilitated by rivers which cut across their land. The Euphrates, Nile, as well as Tigris, constantly moving along the river banks which in turn resulted in the adjoining land is extremely fertile (Backman). This led to flourishment and development of Ur and Eriku cities in Mesopotamia as well as the city of Thebes in Egypt (Backman). The Nile was very significant in Ancient Egypt as it made invasion by enemies impossible due to its marshy deltas (Backman). On the other hand, Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia differed fundamentally in many aspects more specifically in how their societies were structured, cultural orientation, religion, technological experiences, literature, and art among other things (Backman). This paper will center on examining these differences as well as similarities between these two regions as well as what they communicate concerning the circumstances that people from these two regions faced.

The purpose of this journal was to inform scholars and readers about the country of Egypt and its origins: the Ancient Egyption civilization and how it was built upon nature itself. The value of Hansen’s journal gives the perspective of a whole new world and geographical features. Egypt is surrounded by harsh unlivable climats, but the civilization was able to last over 500 years by using their geographical resources to their advantage to create faith, protection, and life as described by Kathy. Kathy has a PHD that she gained from Union University and is an associate publisher of Quintessential Careers. Despite the highly informative ideas, a limitation of the book is that it was written to describe Egyptian environmental aspects for readers to learn more about Egypt and maybe the desire to someday travel to Egypt. The book may have the perspective of a sort of travel guide showing a small bais while, trying to persuade people to travel to

The Syrian Countryside is probably one of the most intriguing places to study in the ancient world. The ‘Dead Cities’ being those in the Northern area, occupying areas such as the Limestone Massif and the Hauran, towards the east and towards historically Nabatean territory, offer a unique insight into life in the ancient world simply because of how remarkably untouched the

According to Table 1.1, water vessel type W1 popularity increased over time, while water vessel type W2 decreased (refer to Chart #1). With this information, we may include the remaining archaeological data of water vessels in sites “D” and “GM” into the table with correct chronological order that pre-dates 2200 B.C. In essence, we now know the chronological flow of the sites from recent to oldest, which are “PGU”, “B”, “PGL”, “D” and “GM” respectively.

The ancient Egyptian and ancient Greek civilizations are two of the oldest known civilizations in our history. The Egyptian civilization, based in the eastern part of North Africa, is believed to have started around 3150 BC and continued till the end of the Pharaoh rule in 31 BC. The ancient Greek civilization is believed to have been in effect from 1100 BC till about 146 BC. Many similarities and differences existed between these two civilizations, as even though they co-existed during a certain timeframe (1150 BC to 146 BC), they were located in different geographical areas. Because of these differences in geography, both these civilizations were subjected to different kinds of exposure, which included contact with other civilization and cultural inheritance. In the political sphere, we find that the Egyptian civilization had stronger emphasis on central authority, while the Greeks had a more decentralized structure, where powers were distributed over the cities and the states as well. As far as art is concerned, we find that the Egyptians were more involved in creating great monumental and gaudy structures, while the Greeks were more involved in creating smaller, more literary pieces of art.

In the following treatise, the research that will be presented will provide criteria involving similarities and differences in three attributes of life in the four primary river valley civilizations. The river valley civilizations are composed of Mesopotamia, Egypt, the Indus Valley, and China. While each of these civilizations is unique in their habits and traditions, they share many similar qualities. For this work to be as comprehensive as possible, the primary focus will be on comparing and analyzing the cultures and ambiance, or environments, political organization and religious beliefs, and social structures of each society. The following categories are going to be analyzed by utilizing the frameworks of the four river valley civilizations. Without further ado, a juxtaposition of the ancient river valley civilizations.

Ancient'Egyptian'and'Mesopotamia' ' Changes'in'Neolithic'Revolution'(8000'BCE'–'5000'BCE)' Because'of'the'climate'changes'–'growing'degree'of'permanent'' Depends'on'agriculture'' ' Grain'and'seed' ' Diversity'create'economic' ' Impact/'characteristic'of'Neolithic' 1. Permanent'Settlement'–'Civilization'' a. Vehicle'to'human'advancement' b. Degree'of'permanent'' c. Civilization'create' i. Tradition'' ii. Religions' iii. Interest'in'Art' 2.

During the years of 3500 BC to 2500 BC, the geography of a land often impacted a civilizations development in great measures. Depending on the resources available or the detriments present due to certain topographical characteristics like rivers or deserts, a civilization could flourish or collapse. By studying the geographic features of growing societies like the Nile, Euphrates, and Tigris Rivers as well as the Mediterranean Sea of Egypt and Mesopotamia, the link between developing cultures and geography will be examined through sources, including Egypt: Ancient Culture, Modern Land edited by Jaromir Malek and Babylon: Mesopotamia and the Birth of Civilization by Paul Kriwaczek. To determine the extent

Göbekli Tepe is a very interesting archaeological site that is located at the top of the mountain limestone ridge in Southeastern Turkey near the Syrian border (Banning 620). It is known as the earliest monumental building, or temple, that mankind has ever created and it was built even before the stage of agriculture, which dates back to some 11,600 years ago (Mann 1st page). Göbekli Tepe belongs to the PPN (Pre-Pottery Neolithic) in terms of its chronological context in world prehistory (Banning 620). In fact, the site can be divided into three different stratigraphic levels that are level 3, level 2A, and level 2B (Banning 620). Level 3 is the oldest level which appears to date back to the Pre-Pottery Neolithic A (PPNA) (Banning 621). Each of the buildings measured 15 m by 10 m and contained T-shaped monoliths surrounded by a wall made of stone and mortar (Banning 621). Two U-stone shaped entrances could by identified in two of the buildings (Banning 621). However, the most monumental aspect of the Göbekli Tepe can be attributed to the sophisticated carvings of wild animals, such as scorpions and boars, on the pillars which appears in the pillars of level 3 and level 2A (Banning 621). Moreover, Level 2A, which dates to Middle PPNB, has smaller and more rectangular buildings than Level 3 and it contains delicately implemented tiled floors and T pillars without any decorations (Banning 621). Level 2B dates to the time between level 3 and level 2A, however,

While describing the cultural among the people of Mesopotamia and Egypt, I learned the differences and similarities in culture. The birth of Mesopotamian Civilization began in c. 3000 B.C.E., in the valleys of the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers of Southwest Asia. Mesopotamia is a Greek word and it means ‘between the rivers.’ In contrast, the birth of Egyptian Civilization began in c. 3100 B.C.E., in a valley of the Nile River in Northeastern Africa. Egypt is a Greek word and it means ‘House of the Spirit of Ptah.’ Since there are several categories in the cultures of the Mesopotamians and the Egyptians, I decided to narrows it to three categories: Religion, Writing, and Geography. The three categories will present the basis to compare cultural differences and similarities.

The Amarna Period is a time in Egypt’s history regarded with mystery and revolutionary rebellion towards tradition. Egypt is a region bound by its tradition and ritual. Throughout time Egypt has been attached to durable and consistent customs backed by a long and rich history. The Amarna style emerges at a time where the Egyptian people experience great conflict and turmoil. Changes break the back of Egypt for eighteen years of distortion and modification.

Almost everyone has heard of the ancient civilization of Egypt. Most people generally know when and where the Egyptians lived, what their government was like, how they lived on a day to day basis, and what all they achieved in the many centuries that they flourished. This paper will go in depth on all of these categories.

The evolvement of two noteworthy key societies in the Middle East and North Africa inspires my effort at comparative analysis. Because different geography, various degrees of exposure to outside invasion and influence, and different prior beliefs, Egypt, and Mesopotamia were similar to one another in many ways. Egypt emphasized strong central authority, while Mesopotamian politics shifted more frequently over a substructure of regional city-states. Mesopotamian art focused on less impressive structures while embracing a pronounced literary element that Egyptian art lacked. Egyptian civilization, formed by 3000 B.C., advanced from trade and technological influence from Mesopotamia, but it produced an entirely different social order and culture. Since its ethics and its tightly knit political association encouraged monumental building, we know more about Egypt about Mesopotamia, even though the latter was in the most respects more important and richer in subsequent heritage.

The Nile river has influenced Egyptian life and culture and it was also influenced in artwork as well for a few different reasons. The backbone of Egypt has and still is, the Nile River, which through its annual floods, supported all life in that ancient land. It has defined these cultures to the way they have developed along its banks. Most of the crops are used with the water from the Nile River because of its rich soils it brings to them. After this the beginnings of Egyptian civilization predate writing and are consequently obscure. On the banks of the Nile River around 3500 B.C.E is where they had the tombs, paintings, pottery, and other artifacts. During the time of 3500 and 3200 B.C.E many of the archaeologists had discovered the most expensive series of mural paintings on the wall of the tombs.