Research Proposal on Anemia

14. Folate deficiencies during pregnancy can cause malformations in the nervous system and the gastrointestinal system. It can also cause miscarriages and because folic acid is important in embryonic neural tube formation, natural selection favored people with dark pigmentation because they could produce healthy offspring.

Iron Deficiency Anemia affects millions of individuals across the world. This disease strikes many more women than men and has harmful effects on all who suffer from this deficiency that causes oxygen-carrying capacity to decrease. The causes can vary amongst different groups, but the aggravating symptoms remain constant. Much of the research on Iron Deficiency Anemia concentrates on not only the treatment of this disease, but also the prevention of it. To attain a better understanding of how to treat this problem, one must clearly know what Iron Deficiency Anemia means, what causes this disease, the effects of it, and finally how to cure it.

In this essay I am going to talk the patterns and trends of health and ill health among different social groupings. I will talk about each pattern and trend in its own paragraph, Social class, Gender, Ethnicity, Age and Geographical location. I will talk about the links between these to health issues. I will back these up through the use of evidence such as statistics. I will then conclude what I have found out. Firstly I will talk about each pattern and trend.

Social determinants of health encompasses ethnicity, gender and social class. It is seen as the essential

Another study was conducted in Chile by Cortes et al, and this study’s aim was similar to De Wals et al’s aim which was whether there is an impact of folic acid fortification on NTDs’ prevalence or not (Cortes et al., 2012). The researchers held an observation program in a specific hospital to detect the rate of occurrence of NTDs in stillbirths and livebirths (Cortes et al., 2012). The researchers showed that total NTDs’ prevalence decreased from prefortification period to postfortification period, and the reduction of spina bifida was about 52% in postfortification (Cortes et al., 2012). Therefore, this study is one of the studies that

As a provider, one will care for many patients that have different types of anemia. Anemia is not so much as a disease as a symptom of an underlying issue. Although there can be particular signs and symptoms associated with anemia, the basis of a diagnosis is from laboratory data. For the purpose of this discussion, I will evaluate a case study and give a differential diagnosis. I will also assess how patient history, physical exam, and lab reports support my diagnosis. I will explain the pathophysiology of the type of anemia and give causes and treatment options available.

Maternal mortality represents more than the loss of lives for individual women, as it also reflects the larger value and prioritization of women 's health and threatens the health and survival of families, young children, and even the communities in which they live (Royston and Armstrong, 1989). Maternal mortality is unacceptably high (WHO, 2015b). Globally, approximately 830 women die every day from pregnancy- or childbirth-related complications (ibid.). The causes of maternal mortality are predominately preventable and can be classified into three fundamental causes: (1) medical - consisting of direct medical problems and pre-existent/coexistent medical problems that are aggravated by pregnancy, (2) underlying - social and legal conditions, and (3) health systems laws and policies that address availability, accessibility, and quality of reproductive health services (PHP et al, 2011).

Iron deficiency anemia, one of the most common types of anemia, is a blood disorder where

Compare the benefits and limitations of mandatory folate fortification in Australia and discuss if it is justifiable in respect to the health of Australian women and their infants.

Health is a broad topic that branches out into medicine and public health. Health promotion is an essential stage for health care providers to help raise awareness and prevent disease and illness. The social determinants of health are guidelines to relate illness and prevention. They are differences in health care status of population based on certain criteria’s such as income, education, housing, etc. both nationwide and worldwide (Kozier et al, 2014).

We need to supplement minimum 400 microgram folic acid before and during pregnancy to prevent major birth defects of the baby’s brain and spine called neural tube defects. Dietary sources are fortified cereals, leafy green vegetables, citrus fruits, dried

Anemia is a medical condition characterized by low red blood cell count or mass (hemoglobin). This can be caused by blood loss, decreased production of red blood cells, or increased red cell destruction. Some common forms of anemia include iron deficiency, vitamin B12 deficiency, thyroid disease, and liver disease. Patients with certain blood or bone marrow cancers may also develop anemia. Individuals with anemia often develop symptoms of when their hemoglobin is very low or there is a rapid drop in hemoglobin.

Overall, for women 16-44 years of age, the amount of folic acid being consumed was concerningly low initially, with a mean of 102µg/day. Current recommendations provided by the NHMRC (2006) for women at child-bearing age is an intake of at least 400µg of folate per day, with a 500µg daily supplement when trying for a baby. This is particularly with the focus of avoiding the incidence of NTDs in newborn infants. The mean folic acid intake has now increased to 247 µg/day (Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, 2017). In the past, mandatory fortification has also been under scrutiny for reaching those at greatest risk of producing Neural Tube Defects and to be less able to access foods fortified with folate acid, such as pregnant teenagers and Indigenous populations (Baker et al., 2009; Harrison et al., 2007). However, recent data indicates otherwise, likely as the food fortification occurs to bread which is a relatively affordable and available food eaten by most Australians (Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, 2017). Pregnant teenagers gave birth to 54.8% less NTD-effected children after mandatory folic acid fortification. A rate of 74% less NTDs amongst Indigenous women is an even more substantial decline of NTD occurrence, since folic acid fortification of breads became

It is a recognised certainty that nutrition is a fundamental requirement to sustain a healthy lifestyle and is also extremely valuable when recovering from an illness or an injury. Nutrients are absorbed in the body and this physiological process is essential for homeostasis and ensuring equilibrium is sustained within the body as without enough food and drink the body will not function correctly (Edwards & Thomas, 2009). This essay will provide information on folic acid and its properties, its role and the midwife’s role and responsibility in informing women in the early stages of pregnancy

Iron deficiency anemia is quite common in children, as iron is needed to support growth. A lack of iron in the diet can cause delays in brain development, which may be irreversible. Common symptoms of iron deficiency anemia include irritability, palor, weakness, and cold hands and feet. Prevention of anemia is crucial for expectant mothers, as anemic women are at a higher risk for delivery complications such as hemorrhaging and having infants of low-birth weight. (Frantz, C. 2010).