ASSIGNMENT ON PSY 701 STATISTICS
RESEARCH PROPOSAL
UNEMPLOYMENT AND PSYCHOLOGICAL DISTRESS AMONG GRADUATES
BY UGWU KELECHI ESUT/PG/Msc/011/11785
LECTURER; CHIEDOZIE
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
This research project titled unemployment and psychological distress among graduates is interested in investigating the causal relationship between unemployed graduates who are seeking for job and onset or manifestation of distress
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For this study, the symptom distress checklist 90 (SCL 90) developed by Derrogates (1977) adapted and validated for Nigerian use will be employed to obtain data from the unemployed and the employed group. This study will investigate gender difference in psychological distress manifestation among the unemployed group.
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM This study is proposed to look at the relationship between unemployment and the manifestation of distress symptom among graduates.
It will look at the gender differences in the manifestation of distress symptoms.
The study will also establish a link between unemployment and psychological distress.
PURPOSE OF THE STUDY The purpose of this study is to explore the psychological state of our unemployed graduates who are seeking for a job To determine which gender is more affected, such an understanding is essential to the counseling, clinical and social psychologists to enable them provide cognitive support for the unemployed.
To understand unemployment as psychological distress which makes individuals vulnerable to mental disorder?
OPERATIONAL DEFINITION
Graduates; Holder of university degree (Bsc) and holders of higher national diploma
(HND) and has completed their national youth service program.
Psychological distress; it consist of negative emotions and related conditions which include, depression, anxiety, aggression, worry, minor physical symptoms, such as headache,
When compared, the lifestyles of the unskilled and unemployed vary from those in employment (Moser et al., 1990) in that the unemployed, unskilled (Meltzer et al, 1995) and homeless (Stark et al., 1989) are more engaged into alcoholism, drug addictions. All these have an adverse effects on an individual’s health this has however been raised as a mental health issue (Heller et al, 1996).
Major depressive disorder is a common mental disorder characterized by low mood, decreased mental and motor activity, pessimistic view of everything around, loss of interest in life. It is one of the most common types of depression, in contrast with other type depression, major depression represent complex of symptoms. Major depression is also known as major depressive disorder, clinical depression or unipolar depression. The word unipolar refers to the presence of one "pole" - a range of emotions, which is characterized by only one type mood, without manic episode. According to the WHO about 350 million people is suffered from depression. It damages not only people with depression, also to the relatives and other. Mullarkey et.al. suggest that due to reduced ability to work of depressed workers employers annually loss approximately 30 billions $. Thesis statement_____ Preview_______
In addition, opponents of the dream act claim that the 800,000 young people that qualified for DACA are taking jobs that belong to U.S. citizens. The dreamers have a tough fight ahead of them as attorney general Jeff Sessions went on to attack the dreamers uncompanionably by explaining that, because of them “hundreds of thousands of jobs were denied to U.s workers and given to the DACA beneficiaries. The statement made by the attorney general implies that there is an exact number of us jobs available and that the millions of Americans who are currently unemployed can blame fully blame the dreamers without taking into consideration the many factors that contribute to the unemployment of Americans. However it is important to note that the general failed to provide evidence or statistics to support his claim. Therefore, I will point out limitation to his argument by providing clear statistics that show that, the US labor market has been relatively healthy in recent years and even continues to improve. To illustrate, the graph below represents the US unemployment rate. The graph shows that, the US experienced a steady decline in the national unemployment rate, and according to data released in September by the US department of labor, there is an estimated 6.17 million job openings as of July 2017.
For the sake of the survey the following definitions were used for employed and unemployed participants:
I believe that being unemployed for a prolonged period may be a detriment to physical and mental health due to overwhelming stress. The idea of unemployment being detrimental to health correlates with Pharr’s (2012) and Janlert’s (2014) researches on the impact of unemployment on mental and physical health. Both concluded similarly that people who have been unemployed for prolonged period have poor mental health compared to the employed, Pharr (2012) also stated that unemployed people are hesitant to receive medical treatment for physical health due to cost. Stress contributes to poor mental health but also feelings of disappointment and shame towards
The authors of this paper created a survey designed to measure depressive symptoms in relation to support and university
In the past decade, unemployment has been a major issue in this country. Individuals rely on their work to be able to provide many basic life requirements. A person’s career can provide more than just physical needs and this would include creative urges, promote self-esteem, and encourage personal achievements. Therefore, when a person becomes unemployed, they might experience anxiety and depression. This could lead to lower self-esteem especially when the search for work continues long term without any success. These new health issues can lead to increased health issues and the development of new disease states. This correlation among the unemployed patient population and the increase of mental health and new disease states should be
K.Moser found that unemployment was a key factor in health issues in society, mortality rates were higher for those who were unemployed and the prospect of unemployment is detrimental to the health of an individual. M.H.Brenner (1977) suggested loss of a job is like bereavement but isn’t seen or respect as such (7).
The discussion illustrated facts, the data tested provided results that sustained employment-at-will exception (EWE) and jobless recovery finding. It was clear that the research was quantitative data because the research was confirmed with numbers, measures, and members that was effect by jobless recovery. There was no uncertainty that a recommendation for further study or research was encouraged. DeNicco mention the potential future research present by Aaronson, Rissman and Sullivan (2004) which pointed out other causes of jobless recovery, that included self-employment, just-in-time hiring, and healthcare
Sociologists study human society. Their studies include human behavior in many social contexts such as social interaction, social institutions and organization, social change and development (Abraham). Because of the broad spectrum of social circumstances that are studied, unemployment is an issue in which sociologists thrive. Conflict in the areas of age, race, gender, and disability is common among the employed as well as the unemployed. From a sociological perspective, unemployment can be studied through both the Functionalist Theory and Conflict Theory. It also touches upon the results of unemployment in societies and institutions such as family, education, government, and health. Unemployment affects almost everyone to some extent
Sociologists study human society. Their subject matter includes human behaviour in various social contexts, social interaction, social institutions and organisation, social change and development (Haralmbos, Van Krieken, Smith & Holborn 1999). For this reason, unemployment is an issue which sociologists delve. Unemployment has far reaching affects in all areas of society. Stratification in the areas of age, race, class, gender, ethnicity, sex and disability is rife amongst the employed and unemployed alike, unemployment creates further segregation amongst these already stratified people. This essay will look at unemployment from the functional and conflict theory
Psychological stress is a result of many factors and should be dealt with very carefully. Stress can be defined as “An excess of demand made upon the adaptive capabilities of the mind and body”.(Joseph 1). Another way of putting it, is that there are some things that put certain demands on us. The effects of stress should not be limited to unpleasant emotional states. Many studies have concluded that the effects on our physical health from stress can be extremely detrimental. These adverse physical effects include heart disease and formations of cancer. There are also some societal issues that psychological stress can hamper.
Unemployment or underemployment can cause significant household stressors; parent may feel incompetent to meet the basic needs for their children, unable to make ends with financial problems. Consequently, individual seek alcohol and drug as a way to escape their problems. This could lead to child abuse; children who suffer from this can develop emotional,
The evidence that unemployment has negative effects on mental health is strong. Mental health effects on young unemployed people include low self esteem and confidence
Unemployment has always been something that Americans have worried about since the great depression in which one in every four people was unemployed. High unemployment has an impact on every one even those whom are still currently employed. For example if the unemployment rate is particular high then even those with jobs get worried. Unemployment is also separated in to distinct categories base on which group is the focus of the study. The categories can be by race, age or location, for example the unemployment rate of those between the age of sixty and sixty-five could be compared those between the ages of thirty and thirty-five. These categories allow economist to see which groups are the best and which groups are worst off. One group