3.1 INTRODUCTION
In this chapter, the focus is on the methodology used in the study. It include the data collection, data source, variables, research design, theoretical research framework, sampling design, test consideration for data analysis, hypotheses statement and conclusion.
3.2 DATA COLLECTION
Data collection involves the process of gathering information and data either from primary or secondary data. In this study only secondary data is used.
3.2.1 Secondary Data
Secondary data refers to the statistical material which is obtained from someone else records. Secondary data helped researcher’s understanding so as to define problem, formulate research design and interpret the results. This type of data is generally taken from sources
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The values can differ at various times for the same objects or person. The variables consist of dependent and independent.
3.3.1 Dependent Variable
The dependent variable is denoted as variable of primary interest to the researcher as it provides a measurement of the effect of the independent variables. In this research, foreign direct investment (FDI) is the designated dependent variable where it indicates the outcome of the change brought about by changes in the independent variables.
3.3.2 Independent Variables
Independent variables (predictor variables) are the ones that influence the dependent variable and they explain the variance in dependent variable. In this research, gross domestic product (GDP), interest rate (IR), exchange rate (ER), inflation rate (IFR), unemployment rate (UR), company tax (CT) and labour cost (LC) are the independent variables that were used to
Secondary data using existing data, as related to new data that is being gathered or have been recently gathered. Information already exist on the topics that are being studied. In quantitative approaches, it is this knowledge that assists one with finding the hypothesis to be examined in the new research. It opens the door for the researcher to further explore and generate new questions for the study. This also allows the researcher to find gaps in the research process. Secondary data sources can be acquired via the
The secondary data comes from report, journals, online database. The main secondary data sources in our project including but not limited to:
MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. value of a. b. c. d. ANS: A 2. a. b. c. d. ANS: A 3. correlation a. b. c. d. ANS: C 4. a. b. c. d. ANS: D 5. The mathematical equation relating the independent variable to the expected value of the dependent variable; that is, E(y) = β0 + β1x, is known as a. regression equation b. correlation equation c. estimated regression equation d. regression model ANS: A 6. a. b. c. d. ANS: C 7. a. b. c. d. In regression analysis, the unbiased estimate of the variance is coefficient of correlation coefficient of determination mean square error slope of the regression equation The model developed from sample data that has the form of is known as regression equation correlation equation estimated
A secondary source are reviews, summaries, or discussions of primary sources. The secondary source is not present during the original data collection and often gives their own perspective on the research.
The research topic has been selected, the testable research question is developed, research on the topic has been found, a literature review is completed, and a decision has been made on the research design. Now, one of the most important steps in the research process needs to be accomplished and that is the collection of data. Notwithstanding the research project and whether the method of research is whether qualitative or quantitative, data must be collected. Data collection is essential whether the method of choice is a mail survey, a telephone survey, an interview, an experiment, field research, or secondary data analysis. Data collection is an important aspect of any type of research study. Inaccurate data can impact the results of a study and ultimately lead to invalid results. During the data collection step, a significant amount of time, energy and attention is required. In order to ensure the data collection process is valid and successful, one should adhere to the four steps involved: (1) the construction of a data collection form which is used to organize all data that is collected; (2) the designation of the coding strategy used to represent data on a data collection form; (3) the collection of the actual data; and (4) entry into the data collection form (Salkind, 2012).
dependent variables to define and claim. The key question that brings us forth is, what does the
In spite of statistically significant Granger-causality between FDI and Exports, this test alone is not that strong to fully establish dependence of one variable on other. It, in fact, only establishes that explanatory variable leads the dependent variables- a necessary (but not sufficient) condition for an explanatory variable. For unbiased estimation of regression parameters another necessary condition is that the explanatory and dependent variables should have mutual cointegration. Granger-causality and cointegration together are thought to be
Secondary data is data collected by someone other than the user. Common sources of secondary data for social science include censuses, surveys, organizational records and data collected through qualitative methodologies or qualitative research. Primary data, by contrast, are collected by the investigator conducting the research.
Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) is the dependent variable measure in terms of RM Million. Gross Domestic Product (GDP), Debt (DT) and Exchange Rate (EX) are the independent variables or explanatory variables in this multiple regression model .Both GDP and DT measures in terms of RM Million whereas for the Exchange Rate, the unit of measurement is official exchange
Keywords: Economic Growth, Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) , Foreign Exchange Reserve (FER), Gross Domestic Product ( GDP), Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR), Trend, Correlation.
〖FDI〗_. represents the foreign direct investment inflow into partner countries (in current USD). An inflow of cash will lead to a temporary financial solvency in recipient countries, which enables the consumers of those countries to buy more differentiated products. However, because it is a temporary cash inflow, the FDI inflow might have an inverse effect as well and therefore the predicted sign for this variable was indeterminate. The results of regression analysis indicate that the FDI coefficient is -0.03 which indicates a negative relationship with the logistic transformation of IIT, but the parameter estimate is statistically insignificant.
Quantitative research method was used to collect and analyze data in order to answer the research questions to this study.
The difference between primary and secondary data collection is, a primary data will be gather
Data collection will be a combination of qualitative and quantitative. It is important to use a combination of both because it will provide more information about application of the study and how future research should be conducted. Before the semester meeting with professors of the ALI program at UMKC to seek permission to begin the study is vital. Meeting early on also begins to form strong communication which is necessary to ensure that assignments and ways of incorporating Facebook in the classroom are different from previous studies. There will be one introductory session with each of the four courses composed of 30 or so students, collectively there will be about 120 students involved in this study. Students will not be informed on the purpose of the study, only that their progress in English will be tracked. Information will be collection from the students that wish to participate such as demographic and contact information, as well as how comfortable they feel with their English. The rest of the surveys throughout the course of the semester will be sent via email. Professors will be making notes of progress or possible problems and at the end of the study they will share how Facebook impacted ELLs’ motivation to learn English, if it did at all.
Primary and secondary sources are ways in which data can be retrieved. As Serakan (2006) stated, “Primary data refer to information obtained by the researcher on the variables of interest for the specific purpose of the study”. Various evidence suggesting to what methods of primary research can be conducted and which are most effective for the previously mentioned problem description are stated in this chapter.