Research Report On Near Field Communication

Regardless of the frequency, method of communication, or the power supply, the goal of any RFID system is to enable specific data to be transmitted between a portable device and the tag, and then be processed and used accordingly. RFID systems are used for objects which get lost, stolen often, underutilized, or difficult to locate in a timely manner.

In this research paper we review three promising short-range wireless communication such as Radio FrequencyIdentification (RFID), Bluetooth, zigbee and Near-field Communication (NFC).NFC mobile services are an important emerging areafor NFC technology, with great potential for growth. The NFC Forum’s strategy for accelerating the growth of this business areaincludes recognizing and describing what is needed to realize successful NFC mobile services, such as key technologies, typical usecases, and the structure of the overall ecosystem. The success NFC across a broad range of applications depends on its large-scaleadoption by enterprises and consumers. This implies the need for simple, low-cost implementation of the technology in a wide variety ofdevices. This paper discusses NFC technology in detail along with its protocols, communication modes, comparison with other

RFID is not new innovation by any stretch of the imagination. It has been around for a considerable length of time. It was utilized at first for vicinity access control. From there on, it developed to be utilized as a part of inventory network following, toll boundary control, and notwithstanding ensuring cars(Potter, 2005).They are different5 types of tags are available.

An example of this would be the Apple Pay technology. Apple Pay is a mobile payments service and digital wallet application that utilizes Near Field Communication (NFC) to initiate secure payment transactions between contactless payment terminals and devices like the iPhone 6, iPhone 6 Plus and Apple Watch (Webopedia). Apple Pay allows owners of Apple devices the opportunity to add multiple credit or debit cards onto that device and instantly pay at a location by simply placing their device over the scanner. This technology could be implemented into Howard University’s Bison One Card by adding Dining Dollars or Bison Bucks into the application software, thus eliminating the need to always swipe your card at various locations around campus. This would also eliminate the struggle some students encounter of not being able to eat or swipe into the café because they have lost or misplaced their card. The biggest problem Howard University faces with implementing this new technology is the substantial cost. Blue Pay breaks down the Apple Pay implementation costs with prices of the NFC terminals in range from $300 to $500, excluding the cost of additional software upgrades if needed. Depending on which locations, if not all, across campus will support this technology, this cost will surely add up. Merchants must also weigh in the cost of employee training. Employees must understand how to properly use NFC contactless readers to process payments. The training should also include refunds, chargebacks, and cancellations. This cost can vary, depending on the size of the staff. Blue Pay ultimately estimates the total cost ranging anywhere from $1000 to $2000 per unit after factoring in hardware, software and wages (Blue

RFID, Radio-Frequency IDentification, small electronic devices contained small chip and an antenna, work and have the same purpose as a bar code or magnetic strip. Many businesses involve RFID technology in their functioning, including from recently pharmaceutical industry. In April 2017, RFID Journal published article about drug retailer Drugco Discount Pharmacy in North Carolina that emphasizes using of RFID during the process of customers’ prescription drugs pick up. Design of the system, known as HangRx p-link, eliminates loosing time for drugstore workers while trying to find particular bag of prescription for the customer. “By using passive ultrahigh-frequency (UHF) RFID, the system instead triggers a light stick to illuminate inside in a clear, plastic, hanging bag, leading workers to the right medication” (RFID Journal). Drugco Discount Pharmacy, first drugstore in the U.S. that uses HangRx p-link from October 2016, saved 10 hours of daily labor time with implementation of this technology.

Previously, the biggest hurdle for 2FA has been the inconvenience of it. However, the experience is constantly moving to a more convenient direction. Nowadays, mobile applications are able to use NFC to transfer all the information that starts the process of login in. The seamless process only requires the user to initiate the logging in with a

A passive RFID tag, more commonly used, is one that is not connected to a power source. These tags rely on the electromagnetic field that is generated by specific RFID tag readers to create enough electrical charge to transmit the stored data in radio waves (Venkateswara, 2011).

Tap your phone to pay and redeem offers, using NFC (near-field communication). NFC payments are currently only available in the United States.

On the other hand, the NFC technology has become the basic function of the smartphone. This technology enables the smartphone become the Octopus card reader and make payment. It makes possible for the Octopus

A Passive Reader Active Tag (PRAT) system has a passive reader which only receives radio signals from active tags (battery operated, transmit only).

NFC is a standardised (ISO 18092) wireless technology that adds extra functionality to devices such as mobile phones and Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs). Devices with a NFC chip can set up a small Peer-to-Peer (P2P) network to share information. NFC devices also support: ISO 15693, ISO 14443, FeliCa and Mifare Standard. NFC is a continuation of radio-frequency identification (RFID) which also enables contactless data exchange; NFC has the advantage of a shorter range, which prevents unwanted eavesdropping, interception and surveillance. As an analogy, if you have something you want to tell someone, rather than shouting it

With the advent of smart phones featuring Near Field Communications (NFC) technology, the same device used to make calls and access email can also be used to open office and residential doors, and to even check in to a hotel and go directly to the room without first having to visit the front desk. This capability was first demonstrated by Clarion Hotel Stockholm whose goal was to solicit feedback from guests and employees regarding the use of NFC phones for a variety of services [38].

NFC technology is described by NFCIP-1 (Near Field Communication Interface and Protocol 1), is standardized in ISO 18092, ECMA 340 as well as in ETSI TS 102 190, while reader/writer mode must support the RF requirements for ISO/IEC 14443A, ISO/IEC 14443 B and FeliCa. These standards specify the transport protocol, transfer speeds, bit encoding schemes, the frame architecture, and the modulation. Furthermore, the active and passive NFC modes are described and the conditions that are required to prevent collisions during initialization (ECMA International, 2004). Today’s NFC devices allows for selecting one of three operating modes such as:

Use of NFC based application in retail industry provide fast environment which increases customer satisfaction and improves billing system.

A smart card is a card generally made of plastic same like a credit or debit one .It consists of a integrated microprocessor and a memory. Two ways of it exchanging data with the outside world are via contact cards and via contactless cards that use radio frequency. To interchange information the card is to be put in a reader (contact cards) or kept in the connection area of a contactless reader. Smart cards do not require batteries or any power supply .Power is provided by the reader. It is necessary for a card to have a certain microprocessor or logic for it to be called a smart card. Security and mobility are the two main features of a smart card. The applications that are linked to a smart card system have the major requirement of