Research Report On Neonatal Mortality

Today I will inform you about the everyday obligations of neonatal nurses, the explanations of deficiency of staff and the impacts a sufficient number of neonatal nurses can cause in a baby’s life.

There are more than 70% of premature babies that are born between 34 and 36 weeks gestation a year. When a baby is born early, or born with birth defects, the Neonatal Intensive Care unit is its first home. The nurse’s in the NICU have the difficult job of preparing baby’s and parents for a health life together. A baby who has been put into the NICU will stay there until it is healthy enough to go home.

Infant deaths in the neonatal period are caused by complications arising from preterm births, birth defects, maternal health conditions, complications of labor and delivery, and lack of access to appropriate care at the time of delivery. Infant deaths in the post-neonatal period are driven by sudden unexpected infant death (SUID) (including sudden infant death syndrome [SIDS]), injury, and infection (MMRW, 2013). An increasing proportion of post-neonatal infant deaths occur among infants who were born preterm but survived the neonatal period (Callaghan, 2006). On the other hand there is lesser knowledge of the incidence and etilogy of fetal mortality which according to MacDorman et al, makes fetal mortality an overlooked public health issue. Lee et al, echoed the same idea when they said infant mortality has been the main focus of public health programming while fetal deaths have gone untargeted. However, with the decrease in infant mortality rates there have been recent approaches such as perinatal period of risk analysis framework (PPOR) that highlight the need to include fetal

The demand for this level of neonatal nursing is decreasing because mothers and newborn babies are now more likely to stay in the same room together after birth. Level II nurses are much more in demand because premature and sick babies need constant attention. Level III nurses have the most intensive responsibilities, working in the NICU and monitoring seriously ill or premature infants around the clock. They check ventilators and incubators, make sure babies are responding well, and teach parents how to care for their infants properly.” Many Neonatal nurse work in the NICU. They give medical care to the babies that are at risk newborns. Neonatal nurse tend to care for 1-4 babies at a

Premature babies typically have underdeveloped respiratory systems and problems maintaining body heat, so they may be kept on a respirator or in an incubator. Although the neonatal period is the first month after birth, these nurses often care for children up to age 2 who have long-term medical issues. While their primary focus is the health of the babies, neonatal nurses obviously will spend a lot of time with anxious parents who are visiting their children in the NICU and must be able to calmly and clearly explain the babies illnesses and treatment, as well as involve the parents in their

For the study, academic pediatric centres were required to have full-time training programs in pediatrics and pediatric surgery as well as a level 3 neonatal intensive care unit (ICU) while a community hospital must have had a neonatal ICU or special care nursery, no full-time pediatric or surgical training and 1000+ pediatric admissions between April 2008 and March 2009. All participating patients were under 19 years of age with a hospital stay over 24

Premature newborns have an increased risk of complications because their bodies still have underdeveloped parts such as the lungs, digestive system, immune system, and skin. Thus, promoting oxygenation, nutrition, and fluid balance, maintaining thermal regulation, resuscitation and transferring the newborn to NICU unit will help the child to get better (Ricci el., 2017, pg. 887).

Neonatal and perinatal health outcomes will influencing the overall future health of an individual. Indeed, many illnesses and disorders originate from prenatal and early infancy abnormal developments. Preterm-birth and low-birth weight have been positively correlated with adverse health outcomes ranging from childhood to the adult life of an individual. Thus, it is essential for public health professionals to understand not only the biological factors influencing birth timing and weight, but also the psychosocial dynamics which may impact those outcomes. For years, many scientists have observed what is called the ‘migrant paradox’. The migrant paradox designates a situation where first generation immigrants who are almost systematically socio-economically disadvantaged exhibit better health outcomes as the native-born population. There could be multiple causes to this migrant paradox. In this paper, I will attempt to evaluate multiple studies aimed at tackling the link between perinatal and neonatal health outcomes and migrant status. Those papers have been published within the past 15 years, with the notable exception of Rumbault’s 1997 paper on assimilation. In this article, the American sociologists suggests that assimilation does not always carry out positive consequences on the health of immigrants. Indeed, some elements of the habitus of the native-born population may have adverse effects on health outcomes. Thus, while assimilating, the immigrants lose negative and

Now, medical advances make it possible for even the most severe premature babies to survive. As in case of Preterm babies as young as 22 to 23 weeks ( Micro preemies), level 3 NICU offers a wide range of neonatal services including special imaging techniques, advanced ventilation procedures, and special surgeries (Bird, 2014). Advanced technology has helped to increase the survival rate for even the most severe preterm babies, but the costs associated with them is high (Kornhauser & Schneiderman, 2010). The average cost for treating the micro preemie has been estimated to be more than $ 2 million (Kornhauser & Schneiderman, 2010). Nevertheless, this projected cost is excluding the cost of treating long term outcomes in the micro preemies. The

The neonatal specialists care [NICE] (2010) quality standards are drawn from key priorities for implementation which are listed in the [NICE] Clinical guideline, which emphasises on patient experience and the whole clinical team. It requires that physical, psychological and social needs of babies and their families are the main focus of all care given, it covers the care whilst babies are in the need of specialist services that should be commissioned across all relevant agencies for on-going care (NICE, 2010). This According to the [NICE] Guidelines (2015) preterm birth is the single biggest cause of neonatal mortality and morbidity in the United Kingdom [UK]. This guideline reviews evidence to provide the best treatment when caring for women

The most common health problems in the neonatal intensive care unit are prematurity, respiratory distress syndrome, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, and necrotizing enterocolitis (Caner, 2014). Prematurity is the most common at 63.9%, respiratory distress syndrome at 40.6%, bronchopulmonary dysplasia at 20.2%, and lastly necrotizing enterocolitis at 6.6% (Caner, 2014). While most of the top diagnoses derive from prematurity, not all patients in a neonatal intensive care unit are there because they are premature. Some patients are there because they were born with a serious defect that needed immediate and demanding treatment or just need slightly more care than other infants when they are born.

Infants within the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) are one of the most vulnerable patient population in the hospital. The quality and safety of these patients are at top priority because of their immune systems have not fully developed yet causing them to be at the highest risk for infections. According to the Institute of Medicine (IOM, 2001), quality is defined as “the degree to which health services for individuals and populations increase the likelihood of desired health outcomes and are consistent with current professional knowledge” (Masters, 2005). The Quality and Safety Education for Nurses (QSEN) defines safety as, “the minimization of risk of harm to patients and

Nurses working within the neonatal unit require a particular set of skills to adequately fulfil their roles and responsibilities within this fragile setting. The role of a neonatal nurse is to provide intensive nursing care to an infant who has inherited complications at birth due to varied reasons (Tubs-Colley, Pickler, Younger, & Mark, 2015). These complications often manifest as undeveloped internal organs that make simple bodily functions such as breathing and regulating body temperature incredibly difficult. The neonatal nurse provides close monitoring and extremely individualized care per patient to stabilise and further develop these body systems artificially post-uterine (Drozdowicz & Dillard, 2014).

Infant mortality has long been considered to be an important indicator of a nation’s health, and while it has fallen dramatically over the past five decades, there are still striking differences along socioeconomic, geographic, and racial lines. “In 2009, the infant mortality rate was 12.4 infant deaths per 1,000 live births among blacks, compared to 5.3 among whites.” Equally large and persistent differences by race are found for other birth outcomes – including stillbirths, preterm births, and low birth weight – and many of these contribute to the racial gap in infant mortality. Solutions to the problem of higher infant death rates among black families have eluded medical, health policy, and research communities for decades. African American women continue to face a disproportionately higher risk for delivering premature and low birthweight babies, many of whom die within their first year of life.

The current death rate is 29 per 1,000 live births and of the 2.8 million newborns dying at birth worldwide, India accounts for 700,000 children dying at birth or shortly after. The National Health Policy to improve care children and women. Poor neonatal health conditions, widespread illiteracy, poverty, poor sanitation and nutrition have also been identified and India’s hopes to tackle these issues by passing this policy.