Research Data Critique
Research Data Critique
Conducting educational research includes the investigation, portrayal, clarification, or forecast of instructive sensation utilizing precise information gathering and dissection procedures. According to Aron, Aron N., and Coups (2013)”The statistical procedure for testing variation among the means of more than two groups is called the analysis of variance, abbreviated as ANOVA.“ This is done through null-hypothesis significance testing, comparing the hypothesis that the means are different to the null-hypothesis that they are not.
In this study the CEO of ABC manufacturing sought to understand the difference in pay for
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I retrieved a great example of how to work the ANOVA steps from psychology world website. Hall (1998),
“ Formula
SSwithin = SStotal - SSamong
dfamong = r-1 dfwithin = N-r
x = individual observation r = number of groups
N = total number of observations (all groups) n = number of observations in group
Now we put the raw data, according to group, in "x1", "x2", and "x3", Calculate the sum for group 1., Calculate (Sx)2 for group 1., Calculate the mean for group 1, Calculate Sx2 for group 1., Repeat steps 2-5 for groups 2 and 3, Set up SStotal and SSamong formulas and calculate, Calculate SSwithin, Enter sums of squares into the ANOVA table, and complete the table by calculating: dfamong, dfwithin, MSamong, and MSwithin, and F, Check to see if F is statistically significant on probability table with appropriate degrees of freedom and p < .05.” With the example steps of Hall’s websites I was able to formulate the null hypothesis and the alternative hypothesis. Determine if the null hypothesis should be rejected or retained based on the results. Our objective is to determine the significant differences between the three current salaries of ABC employees by job title.
In our conclusion we dismiss the null hypothesis on the grounds that we are expressing that the sample statistic is sufficiently not the
Samantha Callahan, Department of Psychology, Lindenwood University; Danielle Patrick, Department of Psychology, Lindenwood University; Sara Roderick, Department of Psychology, Lindenwood University; Kahla Stygar, Department of Psychology, Lindenwood University.
American Psychological Association. Publication manual of the American Psychological Association (2015). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association
Keselman, H. J., Huberty, C. J., Lix, L. M., Olejnik, S., Cribbie, R. A., Donahue, B.... & Levin, J. R. (1998). Statistical practices of educational researchers: An analysis of their ANOVA, MANOVA, and ANCOVA analyses. Review of Educational Research, 68(3), 350-386.
This article analyzed the positive experiences of twelve individuals who had visible differences (Egan et al 2011, p. 739). This study discovered four main elements that helped people to interpret their related experiences in a positive way. Generally, it can be seen that the authors applied interpretive social science (Neuman 2006, p. 87) to produce this study to capture participants’ experiences and feelings. There are some advantages that can be yielded by utilizing this perspective. Firstly, the authors were able to understand individuals’ different social lives. The complex social factors can be extracted to interpret participants’ feelings and emotions from their personal experiences. It was
*Publication manual of the American psychological association (6th ed.) (2009). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. Please see note below regarding this edition of the APA manual.
The one-way between groups, ANOVA is used when you want to test the difference between two or more groups. This is the simplest version of ANOVA. (Crossman, 2013) This could be used for example in a study on the ages of patients on different cardiac medications. Here we are only looking at
Butcher, J. N., Hooley, J. M., & Mineka, S. (2013). Abnormal psychology (16th ed.). Boston, MA: Pearson.
Catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI) is a fairly common complication in hospitalized patients. Nosocomial infection prevention and patient safety promotion has been issued and many researches have been conducted to improve patient’s quality of life. In this article, Saint et al. (2005) hypothesize that using a paper-based urinary catheter reminder can reduce the incidence of urinary catheterization, and consequently this will enhance the patients’ safety.
Conclusion : Reject the null hypothesis. The sample provide enough evidence to support the claim that mean is significantly different from 12 .
What further research or pilot studies need to be done, if any, before incorporating findings into practice to assure both safety and effectiveness?
ANOVA allows statistic practitioners to determine whether to reject the null hypothesis or accept the alternate hypothesis. Analysis of variance tests can be classified as one-way ANOVA or two-way ANOVA. The differences between these classifications depend on the number of independent variables in the testing process. The one-way ANOVA testing has one independent
The null hypothesis suggests that there is no difference between the means of the three samples, while the claim in the alternative hypothesis suggests that at least one mean is different.
The behavior was observed from a large sample of people. This included twenty people shopping alone and twenty people shopping in a group, for a total of forty subjects, each ranging in ages from approximately 19 to 40 years old. The subjects were observed from the time they entered the store until the time they left. The reasoning behind this was to see the buying behavior differences for the whole experience and figure out which areas of the store could be improved in order to appeal to groups of people shopping. The behaviors observed included the amount of time spent inside the store, the amount of money spent, the interactions with associates, and the areas of the stores that were navigated.
Raw data used in generating this report mainly came from 2 sources: United States Department of Agriculture and Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Economic Data. All Data manipulated are national, time series data. The frequency of the dada is monthly. All Data were de-trended; the base year is 2007.
The objective of this chapter is to describe the procedures used in the analysis of the data and present the main findings. It also presents the different tests performed to help choose the appropriate model for the study. The chapter concludes by providing thorough statistical interpretation of the findings.