Research the Following Theorists and Explain How Their Theories Influence the Way That We Work with Children, Freud, Skinner & Watson, Maslow, Bandura and Piaget. D

One of the few famous behaviourists was B.F. Skinner. He believed that with the right tools we can

He devised a system called the reinforcement theory which divided the results into three areas. Some people, he claimed , reacted to positive reinforcers. Therefore, a child is rewarded with a treat, such as a sticker, a sweet or positive attention to encourage them to repeat new behaviour.

Skinner also found that there are unexpected positive reinforces such as when a child behaves badly just to get the attention of their carer. Once they get the attention even if they are scolded

Reinforcement that occurs directly because of the students actions. No one else is needed to get the reinforcement.

Many factors influence children’s development as well as that massive amount of development theories that elaborate on why children do certain things, why children have developmental disorders, or even why some children have developmental delays. Although there are many theories regarding children development and how they are influences, theorist make some great points in the child development but with any theory come flaws such as developmental issues. Famous theorists Freud, Erikson, and Piaget all have different ideas on this topic. Freud was a psychiatrist who believed in unconscious activity of the mind. Erikson was a developmental psychologist who believed that the mind developed in a series of stages, and Piaget was a clinical psychologist who believed in cognitive development. Theorists such as Sigmund Freud, Jean Piaget, and Erik Erikson discusses how their individual theory influences the make-up of the development of children.

This research paper will compare and contrast two of the most influencial psychologists who helped shape the way we understand the development of the human mind; Sigmund Freud and Erik Erikson. The paper will focus on the similarities and differences between Freud’s Psycho-sexual theory, and Erikson’s psychosocial theory. Freud was one of the very first influencial psychologists who changed the way we study humans. Erikson recognized Freud’s contributions, and although he felt Freud misjudged some important dimensions of human development, he was still influenced by Freud, which caused some similarities in their theories.

As soon as the efficacy of the treatment is determined the behavior analyst can with draw other treatment

(Esquith, p. 145). Bonus money is an example of positive reinforcement because a reward increased the frequency of a response (Santrock, p. 221). Students realized that they received money for completing such tasks, which encouraged them to continue those good behaviors. Fines are also administered

When trying to teach a child a new skill, a good behavior, or why it’s important to complete a task, external rewards aren’t the best approach. Research proves that the use of external rewards such as a sticker, candy, or any other prize, is bad for five main reasons; (1) Rewards reduce internal motivation. (2) Rewards do not produce permanent change. (3) Rewards can be controlling. (4) Rewards make a child focus on a task quickly in order to receive a prize. (5) Children come to expect a reward in return for good behavior.

Skinners reinforcement theory supports the reward system in place for this activity. Operant conditioning is an example of how individuals determine good behaviour from bad. Reward systems are a good way in encouraging children to do well, or to complete an instructed task because it engages them within the activity. When doing this activity, if the children know that they are going to be rewarded by moving their star on the chart up if they answer the questions correctly, it gives them an additional goal to work towards. This is especially good for children who lose focus quickly or become bored or distracted with activities. They know that they want to be the winner of the week to get to given a special prize from the teacher, so they are going to make sure that they do as they are told within this task, keep focus so that they get are positively rewarded.

Reinforcement has to be delivered immediately. Individuals should know the moment when they should expect reinforcement. The individuals offering verbal reinforcement should not wait to the end of the week in order to reinforce someone else for doing something like remaining in their seats for the full duration of the classes during the week. The effect of positive verbal reinforcement is normally diluted, if not lost when we take long periods of time to deliver the verbal reinforcements. If giving verbal reinforcement immediately is not possible, it should be given as soon as the circumstances allow it. When delivered this way, the relationship between verbal reinforcement and behavior will be maintained and strengthened.

One of the simplest and most commonly-used methods of conceptualizing learning is that of reinforcement theory (Noe 2010: 142). Every time a parent promises a child a toy for being good during a grocery store trip or threatens a teen with being grounded for bad grades, he or she is using reinforcement theory. Reinforcement theory is based upon the assumption that people want to experience as much pleasure as possible and avoid pain. Thus, businesses offer workers bonuses for good work, and issue reprimands (such as docking pay or denying a promotion) for poor behavior.

From a Freudian perspective human development is based on psychosexual theory. From a psychosexual perspective maturation of the sex drives underlies stages of personality development (Shaffer et al., 2010). Ultimately, Freud believed that sex was the most important instinct and any mental disturbance revolved around sexual conflicts that were suppressed from childhood. Furthermore, Freud believed that parents permitting too much or too little gratification of sexual needs led

It wasn’t until the time of Sigmund Freud that people looked at the psyches of an individual and what kind of impact that could have on that individual’s life. Before that time, children were seen as extra farm hands and generally as cheap labor. Families did not look at how the children were treated and the possible impact on their development. Later, Erikson and Piaget furthered the study of development and expanded the road that Freud had pioneered. While all consider Freud the father of psychoanalytic thinking, few turn to many of his first theories in reference to development. Freud forged a path by which all future developmental researchers walked through to further advance the study of development. While, experts have clearly not

Ivan Pavlov, John Watson and B.F. Skinner supported the theory of behaviourism, which states that the environment has an impact on human behaviour (stimulus) and so does reinforcement (response). One of the earliest explanations of language acquisition was provided by Skinner. He believed that language acquisition was influenced by the environment and that learning occurs due to external stimulus, responses and positive reinforcements. Skinner emphasised the importance of reinforcing stimulus on behaviour to increase the probability of the same behaviour reoccurring. Therefore, immediate reactions to familiar stimulus should be acknowledged and positively reinforced. This also applies to language; when it is learnt with meaning and the effort is rewarded, the process would then enforce the value of the words and phrases learnt. An example of positive reinforcement in the