Residential Distance To Public Housing Case Study

There is a very low infant mortality rate, 2.8 in a thousand, and a relatively low birth rate as well, at 7.41 births in a thousand. However, the death rate, 9.83 deaths in a thousand, is

Infant mortality rate constitutes the death of a baby before their first birthday. Mortality rates around the world differ tremendously with America leading the first world countries at an alarming rate of 6.1 deaths per 1,000 births. Conversely, Finland and Japan secure the last, most desirable position, with deaths totaling 2.3 per 1,000 births, as of 2010. (Ovaska-Few, 2015) In 2014, over 23,000 babies died in the United States. (CDC, 2016) Exploring the mortality rates in America brings light to a dire need for additional interventions and research as to why this developing nation has the highest rate of infant deaths before the age of 1 year old. African Americans face the worst outcomes of infant death compared to whites, Latino, and their Native American peers in North Carolina. (Ovaska-Few, 2015) This paper will explore why African American are the leading race for infant mortality and the steps that health communities need to take to address this devastating occurrence.

I consider the data collected and analysis performed in this research project quite reliable.The only way I could consider age influencing the maternity length of a mother and the newboern's birth weigh would be in the case of a young gal whom's internal organs have not been entirely develop resulting in a premature baby with a lower birth weight than most average newborns. Although the ncbirths data was collected over a decade ago I do not consider it to be unreable at all for the variables of age, weeks and

“Compared with European Americans, African American infants experience disproportionately high rates of low birth weight (LBW) and preterm delivery and are more than twice as likely to die during their 1st year of life”(Giscombé, C. L., & Lobel, M., 2005). The infant mortality rate for African Americans is 13.7 deaths per 1000 live births, more than twice the rate (5.7) for White Americans in the U.S. (Kung, Hoyert, Xu, & Murphy, 2008). A lot of the racial disparity in infant mortality can be explained by low birthweight and preterm delivery, which are also disproportionately and often experienced by African Americans (Martin et al., 2007).

For the America by the Numbers with Maria Hinojosa assignment, I chose to watch the episode “Surviving Year One”. This episode was about the infant mortality rate in Rochester, New York. The infant mortality rate and the poverty rate for this area is very high. The episode also discussed pre-natal care, pregnancy stress, poverty, and marital services. In Rochester, African American babies are twice as likely to be victims of infant mortality or 11.46%. Other racial groups affected include: Puerto Ricans at 7.10%, Native Americans at 8.28%, and Whites at 5.18%. Not only are African American babies more prone to infant mortality, but preterm births hit this community hard at 16.3%. Factor possibly contributing to the infant mortality and preterm

Discuss disparities related to ethnic and cultural groups relative to low birth weight infants and preterm births.

As with the environment, this health factor is also a great indicator of the health status of a population, because if babies are not being born or are dying prematurely, this can have long-term economic consequences and population decline. Therefore, it is paramount that much efforts are put into lowering infant mortality rates According to State of Health Report, Clayton County ranked high in infant mortality in the State of Georgia. In addition, it ranked highly in premature births and low birth weight. The most current data show the infant mortality rate to be 9.2, premature birth at 11.0 percent, and low birth weight at 10.4 percent among all ages and races.6 These disparities are much greater among the various age group and race. Because the issue of maternal and child health is such a major factor in the overall health of the population of Clayton County, the focus will be centered on the issues of infant mortality and the magnitude of the problem confronting the population of this

CTVNews released an article on September 7, 2016 regarding the findings in a study published in Jama Pediatrics. The study was conducted in the United States linking babies born by caesarean section (C-section) to an increased likelihood of becoming obese.1 C-section is a procedure used during high-risk pregnancies. This method of delivery is an option; however, it may be associated with negative health outcomes. The news story sheds light on the findings and illustrates a 15% increased likelihood of a child becoming obese when born by C-section instead of vaginal delivery.1 The heightened risk was primarily significant amongst siblings. The findings depict a 64% increased likelihood of becoming obese when born by C-section as opposed to siblings who are delivered vaginally.1 In addition, the news story details that vaginal births after previous C-section deliveries has a 31% less likelihood of the child becoming.1

Research subjects were homogeneous in term of demographic information of mothers (age, educational level, employment, parity, abortion, still birth, and delivery method), and thus there was no significant between-groups difference in his regard. Research subjects were also homogeneous in terms of demographic information of infants (gender, gestational age, infant's age at the time of sampling, head circumference, the 1st and 5th minutes APGAR scores, birth weight, weight at the time of sampling, cause of hospitalization), and thus there was no significant between-groups difference in this regard.

From 1950 to 1964, the mortality and morbidity rates had declined. Most deaths were contributed to perinatal causes. Most newborn babies were at high risk specially the preterm babies. The speedy downturn in infant mortality and morbidity before the late 1950s was because of the postneonatal deaths that were influenced by the low birth weight babies. During the 1950-1960s they had inadequate programs to help the death of newborns. They also wanted to advance access for those mothers who were carrying babies, and to improve research. This included them doing research for new technology to help improve the survival of the low birth weight babies. In the late 1960s, several federal programs were achieved for infant

The lack of prenatal care is related with infant mortality, and inadequate prenatal care is associated with low birth-weight (Gortmaker, 1979).

Woman older than 35 years old bearing an infant are at risk for a low birth weight whether they have a preexisting illness or have lived a normal and healthy life since they

As stated previously, they are a lot of program and funding involved to help reduce the infant mortality and preterm birth rates among the African American community. Most of the funding and programs to help reduce this disparity are state run, such as WIC and Medicaid. These programs really try to focus on the population they serve and their needs and tailor their programs to needs. When I was looking for policies and laws that related to black infant mortality and preterm deaths there wasn’t any policies or laws that tailored to this program. I think a huge portion of it is because this problem is very specific to a certain population that. Not only that, but many times preterm births and infant mortality among African American groups is not really know to the public and if it is, it’s not widely known.

Infant mortality rates vary amid ethnic and racial groups in the United States. Infant mortality rates are based on the 1983 and 1984 birth and infant-death files, mother’s race and Hispanic origin. Asians have a lower rate of infant mortality than whites but the rates vary

Participants included a total of 8,986 mothers that gave birth in the research hospitals during sampling periods in 1991, and 5,416 (60%) agreed to be telephoned in 2 weeks. The exclusion criteria included mothers younger than 18, those that did not speak English, did not agree with the 2 week