Respiratory Disease Research Paper

It results when one or both of these gas-exchanging functions are inadequate . It is not a disease but a symptom of an underlying pathology affecting lung tissue function, 02 delivery, cardiac output, or the baseline metabolic state. It is a condition that occurs because of one or more diseases involving the lungs or other body systems. Symptoms of this is hypoexia and hypercapnia.

Gas exchange is performed by the lungs by eliminating carbon dioxide, a waste product given off by cellular respiration. Whereas, the regulation of blood pH is where the body’s acid-base balance is normally tightly regulated by buffering agents, the respiratory system, keeping the arterial blood pH between 7.38 and 7.42. The fundamental reaction that enables cellular life, transforms glucose and oxygen into carbon dioxide, water and energy. By inhaling and exhaling, the respiratory system is able to take in oxygen and release carbon dioxide, and thus it plays a dominant role in homeostatic gas exchange. The concentration of hydrogen ions blood depends on the concentration of carbon dioxide, which is directly influenced by the respiratory system. Thus, the respiratory system plays a major role in maintaining the human blood system at the optimal pH. In order to maintain homeostasis in the human body, oxygen needs to be delivered all throughout it. This is done through the diffusion of oxygen to the blood. The only way that the oxygen can get to the blood is from the use of the respiratory

Because the PCO2 levels are too high the body is not getting the adequate amount of oxygen. This means the oxygen-carrying hemoglobin is not working properly do to the excessive amounts carbon dioxide causing respiratory acidosis.

Many people take breathing for granted, some never give it a second thought until a problem presents itself. Respiratory diseases affect millions of Americans as well as people from all over the world. Anyone can suffer from these disorders to include men, women, and children, with conditions ranging from mild, moderate, to chronic in nature. This paper will focus on one of the many respiratory disease called mycobacterium tuberculosis; more commonly referred to as TB.

During a major asthma attach the lung not ventilating properly caused respiratory acidosis. This makes the lungs retain carbon dioxide. When carbon dioxide mixes with water, it become carbonic acid. Decrease of oxygen levels in the blood stream causes hypoxemia, increase levels of carbon dioxide cause hypercapnia. The body attempts to compensate by getting the CO2 of the lungs, but with asthma patient they cannot breathe, therefore they keep retain the carbon dioxide. The increasing levels of carbon dioxide let the carbon dioxide cross the blood-brain barrier causing vasodilation of the cerebral blood vessels, which in turn central nervous system changes of headaches, blurred vision, muscle twitching and psychological disturbance leading to lethargy and coma (Grossman & Porth, 2014). Hypercapnia, hypoxemia all leads to

When your blood pH being alkaline, you experience respiratory alkalosis. The co2 levels drop in your blood which causes complications.

Respiratory acidosis is a condition that occurs when the lungs cannot remove all the carbon dioxide the body produces. This causes body fluids, especially the blood, to become too acidic. Chronic respiratory acidosis occurs over a long period of time, this leads to a stable situation, because the kidneys increase body chemicals, such as bicarbonate, that help restore the body’s acid-base balance. Acute respiratory acidosis is a condition in which carbon dioxide builds up quickly, before the kidneys can return the body to a state of balance. Some of the symptoms may include: confusion, fatigue, lethargy, shortness of breath, and sleepiness. Some causes of

The normal blood pH is between 7.35 and 7.45. Allen’s blood was acidotic due to a decrease in lung expansion and an alteration in the perfusion to his spinal cord. He also has an alteration in spinal innervation to the respiratory muscles including the phrenic nerve that controls the diaphragm. This would further cause Allen to not be able to adequately take in enough oxygen and blow off enough CO2 to adequately have gas exchange, within the alveoli. Respiratory failure.

Hyponatremia is a sodium levels less than 135mmol/L. Manifestations may appear as: abnormal mental status, convulsions, fatigue, headache, irritability, loss of appetite, muscle spasms or cramps, muscle weakness, nausea, restlessness and vomiting. The lab result may show: sodium level below 135mmol/L, potassium will be within reference range, osmolality will be less than 275mOsm/kg, and the ADH levels will be increased. The plasma concentrations of creatinine, urea, uric acid, and potassium may be slightly decreased or normal. Treatment may include IV sodium solution to raise the patient’s sodium levels in your blood. The patient may also require medications. You may take medications to manage the signs and symptoms of hyponatremia, such as headache, nausea and seizures. In less severe cases, the patient can alter their diet, how much fluid they consume and lifestyle to keep their sodium levels within the reference range

There are different ways that metabolic alkalosis can occur. Generally, the imbalance occurs from a loss of hydrogen ions, a shift of hydrogen ions into the intracellular space, and administration of antacids (Medscape, 2015). Hydrogen ions are lost from the kidneys and the gastrointestinal tract, which occurs from vomiting and diarrhea. When hydrogen ions are excreted from the body, bicarbonate ions are added to the intracellular space (Medscape, 2015).

Did the pH level of the blood change at all during normal breathing? If so, how? The pH did not change during the normal breathing.

High pH is alkalosis, low pH is acidosis.. Next you look at carbon dioxide and bicarbonate. Bicarbonate will go the same way as pH. So if the pH is high then the bicarbonate will be up, if the pH is low then the bicarbonate will be low. Carbon dioxide is the opposite. If the pH is high then the carbon dioxide is low, if the ph is low then the carbon dioxide is high ( Fournier, 2011).

When the body undergoes acidosis, meaning the pH drops below 7.35 it is trying to get rid of hydrogen ions by pumping them into the intracellular fluid while compensating by pumping potassium into the extracellular fluid (McCance, Huether, Brashers, & Rote, 2014). If too much potassium is released into the extracellular fluid this can

Respiratory Acidosis can cause carbon dioxide to build up in the body which can make it difficult to breathe. (Healthline) B. Metabolic acidosis can cause kidney stones and is due to the kidneys inability to remove enough acid from our bodies. (Healthline) C. In general acidosis can cause fatigue, confusion, rapid or shallow breathing, headaches and all of the other problems stated earlier.

The normal pH value for the body fluids is between pH 7.35 and 7.45. When the pH value of body fluids is below 7.35, the condition is called acidosis, and when the pH is above 7.45, it is called alkalosis. (Tortora, G., Derrickson, B., 2014)