Respiratory Infection During The Hajj

Close contact with anyone who is experiencing a fever, cough or shortness of breath and has traveled from the Arabian Peninsula within the past fourteen days should monitor their health beginning with last day of exposure and seek medical attention if they become ill (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2015).

These statistics are a great accomplishment in the reduction of HAI’s but the sheer number of patients still acquiring HAI’s through various sites of infection is still astronomical. The HAI prevalence survey put out by the CDC states that in the year 2011, the estimated number of patients with HAI 's from acute care hospitals was 722,000 and about 75,000 died from their HAI’s (CDC, 2015). The state of California is facing a significant

Hospital acquired infections (HAI) will begin to display signs and symptoms within 48 hours. In order to treat the infections, physicians need to diagnostic tools quickly. The manufacturer of new diagnostic test makers, Kalorama Information stated last year that the world demand for testing and treatment of HAI will be over 10 billion dollars by the year 2015, increasing from 9 billion dollars in 2010. Kalorama also stated that HAI has a 5% infection rate of 40 million hospital visits a year, causing 100,000 deaths in the U.S. annually (Kalorama Information, July 14, 2011). Early diagnosis will improve the patient's outcome and decrease the chance of death. According to Kalorama, 20-30% of the HAI can be prevented by the simple use of better hand washing and cross contamination avoidance although the others need more intensive changes such as hospital ventilation systems and using more disposable supplies (Kalorama Information, p. 113) .

More than one million of Healthcare associated infections happen across healthcare settings every year, or 1 in 20 people admitted to any healthcare setting (Healthy people 2020, 2013). HAIs are the most common complication seen in hospitalized patients. HAIs increase morbidity, mortality, healthcare costs, and length of stay even after adjustment for the main underlying illness. According to the Center for Diseases Control (CDC, April 2013) 5 to 10% of patients admitted to acute-care hospitals, or long-term care facilities approximately 2 million patients per year in the United States acquire a nosocomial infection. At least 90,000 deaths per year are a result of HAIs, making it the fifth leading cause of death in acute-care hospitals. These

It is evident, one out of every 25 patients in an acute care setting acquires a HAI the United States alone (Bubb, et al., 2016). Further, HAIs result in a significantly higher morbidity, and mortality, lengths of stay, and cost of health care (McNeill, L. 2017); not to mention the negative health outcomes on families, and communities at large (bubb, et al., 2016). In addition, globalization is another factor that has perpetuated the transmission of infectious diseases as the world population has become more mobile.

To evaluate knowledge, attitudes and practice of standard precautions and infection control measures among health science students at Prince Sattam University, in Al-kharj governorate.

A problem identified in my clinical experience at the Veterans Administration Medical Center was improper infection control measures when a patient was on isolation precautions. HAIs are something that can be prevented but are still very prevalent today. They increase rates of increase hospital stays, cost, readmission, morbidity, and death. The Center for Disease Control notes, “HAIs affect 5 to 10 percent of hospitalized patients in the U.S. per year. Approximately 1.7 million HAIs occur in U.S. hospitals each year, resulting in 99,000 deaths and an estimated $20 billion in healthcare costs.” (CDC, 2015) HAIs can come from cross contamination from healthcare workers to the patients, patients to other patient’s, family members to patients,

The number of health-care associated infections and patient safety must be addressed and improved by actions and plans that can be implemented as soon as possible. Estimates indicate that hundreds of millions of patients contract these infections worldwide on a yearly basis. This article outlines the need for hand hygiene in order to prevent and control healthcare-associated infections (also referred to as HCAI’s). It states that a large number of HCAI’s are preventable, and measures regarding strict observance of hand hygiene methods must be taken. In October 2004, from all corners of the globe, patient groups, governmental agencies and policy-makers held a meeting advance the patient safety goal of "first, do no harm” and to essentially promote

Consequently, by necessary control measures such as high standard of hand hygiene techniques, wearing proper PPE, isolation of the infected resident, safe handling of the needles, proper waste disposal, environmental cleaning and proper disinfecting (Cole, M.,2012, Crisp & Taylor, 2013, Nazarko, L Cole, M.,2012, Green. D, 2015, NHMRC).Furthermore, the staff play an important role in this chain of infection so it is vital to ensure with the precaution and measures are followed. Organize for the possibility of early detection, precaution and necessary treatment to challenge the outbreak. Finally, It is possible to reduce the rate of infection and duration by breaking the chain of

Healthcare associated infections (HAI’S) appear in hospitals and other healthcare facilities around the world. Many infections are within the (HAI’S), but the main infections are: Catheter-associated urinary tract infection, Surgical site infection, and Ventilator-associated pneumonia. (www.CDC.gov). In healthcare many infections are in effective because the infections are constantly coming through. In non-healthcare facilities infections are still effective because the infections are throughout our community.

Infection control is very important in the health care profession. Health care professionals, who do not practice proper infection control, allow themselves to become susceptible to a number of infections. Among the most dreaded of these infections are: hepatitis B (HBV), hepatitis C (HCV), and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Another infection which has more recently increased in prevalence is methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). These infections are all treated differently. Each infection has its own symptoms, classifications, and incubation periods. These infections are transmitted in very similar fashions, but they do not all target the same population.

PROBLEM TO BE RESEARCHED: Hospital Acquired Infections (HAI) has been a burden to the health care system for decades that has cost billions and has contrubuted to an increased patients morbidity and mortality rate. Do patients contract HAI because patients being immuneocomporised or the lack of adhearence to hospital protocals that results in the spread of HAI's?

The main goal of all health care facilities is to provide a safe environment for all patients. One of these goals include the prevention of spreading infections. Hospitals, clinics, and even at home care all require the use of appropriate infection control measures. Infections are spread by microorganisms that are pathogenic. These pathogenic microbes are spread by contact from an infected person to an uninfected person by direct or indirect contact. Nurses, especially those working directly with patients, can be a portal for transferring harmful diseases between patients and the clinical environment (Higginson, 2017). The purpose of this paper is to inform healthcare workers on the prevention of infectious diseases via effective infection

Markovich et al. (2015) conducted a study on upper respiratory infection (URI) in schools during the first month of schools opening. The purpose of this study was to “document URI increase because even though people know about it, URI’s aren’t well documented or characterized.” The researchers conducted the experiment in Israel, used computerized datasets from a large health maintenance organization in Israel, collected nasopharyngeal swabs from the back of the

The total number of 64 duplicates air samples (128 settle plate samples) were collected from different sites of hospitals. The average concentrations of airborne bacteria (cfu/m3) were the highest in SW of hospitals followed by IM, OT and ICU (Fig. 1). However, there was no significant difference between all wards and hospitals (p>0.05). The lowest level of airborne bacteria was obtained from Hospital 2. Nevertheless, ICU ward of this hospital had the highest concentration of airborne bacteria (Table 1), which can be caused by the low efficiency of the ventilation system and higher occupant density in this ward (Table..). Different studies revealed that indoor airborne