Restitution of Conjugal Rights Under Hindu Law

Which marriages meet the requirements for dissolution is defined by legal standards. Over the last 200 years, the grounds for divorce in Western societies have expanded. These expansions have made divorce more accessible. Although the divorce rate has increased, there is not a clear link between the accessibility and this increase. Other key influences effecting divorce rates include economic, social, cultural, demographic and institutional factors.

The case of Jonah v White (2012) 48 FAM LR 562 wishes to appeal the original decision of Murphy J, in which his Honour asserted that the appellant, (“Ms Jonah”) and the respondent (“Mr White”) had not been in a de-facto relationship in correspondence with the Family Law Act 1975 (Cth) (“the Act”). The appeal is bought before May, Strickland and Ainslie-Wallace JJ in the Full Court of the Family Court of Australia in Brisbane. The case seeks to question and determine what constitutes a law-binding de-facto relationship.

There has been a long history regarding reform proposals and recommendations surrounding the law of divorce. The first legislation which was introduced in divorce law was the Matrimonial Causes Act 1857, which allowed people to obtain a divorce. However, today the provisions within that act are outdated, yet, it represented society in 1857. In 1937, legislation altered to catch up with societal changes and additional grounds of divorce were introduced. This again occurred in 1973, where legislation changed altering the grounds and facts in which a divorce could be obtained. This is the current legislation relied upon today.

H, 1999, para 9 &13). After separation, M “sought an order for partition and sale of the house and other relief” and spousal support under the Family Law Act” (para14). Both M and H settled their financial disputes (para18). However, M challenged the s.29 of the FLA and argued that definition of spouse in the act was only apply to heterosexual married couples and to unmarried couples who cohabited for maximum for three year (para 50) .The Supreme Court of Canada held that the s.15 (1) of the Charter is infringed by the Family Law Act. Further, the impugned legislation is not saved under s. 1 of the Charter (134). In addition, the FLA constructs distinction between the same-sex couples and opposite-sex couples that resulted in unequal benefits and protection to the claimants and also make same-sex couples vulnerable (para 62, 69). The Supreme Court of Canada declared remedy and gave Ontario six month to change the definition of the spouse (147).

7. Court’s Order: As a result of this holding the court has established sufficient law entitles P to have her case heard before trial court.

What law is applicable to the determination of the competency of the wife of the petitioner as a

A 2011 case, Kreet v Sampir, Ms Kreet, the victim, wished for her marriage to Mr Sampir to be annulled as it was not a valid marriage under Australian law. Ms Kreet married her husband under duress from her family, therefore not giving her free and full consent making the marriage invalid under the Marriage Act 1961 (Cth). The marriage was then annulled (AustLII, 2011). In this case, Ms Kreet believed that her family was taking her overseas to be married to her boyfriend, Mr U, however while overseas, under duress, she was forced to marry Mr Sampir.

In fact, there are only two legal grounds for dissolution of marriage that are acceptable

Hyde v Hyde 1866 defined the term marriage as: “The voluntary union of one man and one woman at the exclusion of all others for life”. This definition is built of the back of a very morally religious country, and in fact prior to the definition it uses the words “in christendom” . The basis of this concept can be traced right back to the creation of religion with the creation of Adam and Eve as Husband and Wife in the bible . This position has stood the test of time and is still to some extent true in today’s society. However the Legislature and Judiciary have over the last forty to fifty years appeared to severely weaken the position and in some instances have gone as far as saying Hyde is no longer relevant .

Family Law Act 1975, in the same year established the Family Court of Australia, and the Act focuses on issues as a result of martial breakdown, such as ‘no fault divorce’; best interest of children, equal valuation of partners contributions (breadwinner / homemaker), equal consideration of mother and father when assessing custody. The Act has been amended and evolved to include coverage for casual and de-facto relationships and ex-nuptial relationships, including distribution of debts and Superannuation as equal property, strengthening court process around domestic and family

In contrast, the case In Re Southard, 365 P.3d 1089 (2015), the court found that the nonparent should have custody of the child due to a child-parent relationship. In this case, the mother had married two men Southard and Larkins twice. Southard, 365 P.3d at 1092. The result of these multiple unions was three children. Southard, 365 P.3d at 1092. At the end the mother’s fourth marriage with Southard, he received custody of all three children including AR who was not Southard’s biological child, but Larkins. Id. The mother petitioned for custody, but custody was denied. Id. The court found that Southard had physical custody of AR for a year and had developed a child-parent relationship. Id. The court also decided that the time Southard spent with AR were not caused by custodial inference, but by the marriage of the mother and Southard. Id. at 105.

Marriage is a ritual that marks a change in status for a man and a woman and the acceptance by society of the new family that is formed (Rosman & Rubel, 1981). Marriage, like other customs, is governed by rules (Rosman & Rubel, 1981). Anthropology has represented marriage as the definitive ritual and universally translatable regulative ideal of human societies (BORNEMAN, 1996). Marriage also the act of joining two persons of opposite sex together to become as husband and wife. Many people in the society have different opinions or outright misconception of the meaning of marriage. While some people see it as a union between a man and woman, others take it to mean an agreement made between a man

Hinduism and Marriage In a hindu marriage the words and action means more than just words. It is a guide for the rest of the life. -------------------------------------------------------------------- According to Hinduism, a marriage between two persons is a sacred relationship that is not limited to this life alone.

In the world today, many men and women believe divorce is always a dreadful thing that occurs, but there is actually a beneficial side to it. Divorce has been around for many years and mainly just men were the only ones capable to make the decisions. Until, The Guardian states,” The 1857 Matrimonial Causes Act allowed ordinary people to divorce.” Under this new law, it was capable for women to make the decision, they just had to prove the facts to withhold a divorce. Following 1857, in 1923 there was a private member’s bill that allowed women to petition for a divorce for adultery. However, it only made it a little bit easier, they still needed to prove the reason. A few years later, they were able to pass another law, this law allowed divorce

Divorce is the suspension of the marital coalition under the terms legally summoned by the court. The couple is then set free of their obligations towards each to other