Restoring Public Trust : Amid Allegations Of Inaccurate Statistical Reporting

Today, many police officers are out performing patrols on foot and on bike, interacting with the public through meet and greets, and participating in community service projects to help make the city a great place to live (Roufta, n.d.). Furthermore, this method of policing also allows the community to get involved with their local law enforcement. Through initiatives such as block watches, police officers can now answer calls from the neighborhood. Overall, today’s policing has created a method of policing known as Community Oriented Policing. Community Oriented Policing is a style of policing that involves police officers partnering with their communities to help solve problems and to attack the core problems that lead to crime in the first place (“Law Enforcement and Community Relations,” (n.d.), para. 24).

Crime measurement and statistics for police departments are very important when it comes to money allotment, staffing needs or termination and it is also used to determine the effectiveness of new laws and programs. There are three tools used to measure major crime in the United States: Uniform Crime Reports, National Crime Victimization Survey and the National Incident Based Reporting System- which is currently being tested to replace the Uniform Crime Reports. Although there different tools used to measure crime, crime rates can be deceiving. Each different tool reports a different type of rate, crime rates, arrest

1. Use school resource officers (SROs) who may be provided by local law enforcement. SROs often provide law enforcement, law-related counseling, and law-related education to students, faculty, and staff. Continuity of officers in individual schools should be encouraged, so that students and SROs develop a rapport.

In the past, as a move to try and improve police—community relations, police departments all over the country implemented citizen police academies, or CPAs. These were initially implemented during the beginning of the community-oriented policing era, and the first department in the US to have one was the Orlando Police Department in 1985 (Lee, 2016). Since then, CPAs popularity has grown nationally, and police departments all over the country have them. Somewhere between 15 and 20 percent of agencies have CPAs, and they are far more common among those who serve larger, metropolitan areas (Lee, 2016). CPAs teach participants the details of the various functions of the police, including law, patrol techniques, use of force, self-defense, firearms, SWAT, and crime prevention (Brewster, Stoloff, & Sanders, 2005). These CPAs have the possibility to improve relationships between the police and the community given these current issues.

orting System fall under the Uniform Crime Reporting Program that provides information on crime all of the United States. This includes regions, states, counties, cities, towns, tribal law enforcement, colleges and universities. In this paper we will compare and contrast the two primary crime data sources used within the United States, the Uniform Crime Report and the National Incident-Based Reporting System. Before we do this, we will discuss each source individually and how it is used in Criminological research. The purpose of this study is to determine which source is lacking in function and which provides the best accurate information.

Different officers may have different ways to contribute to partnerships. For example, patrol officers have a unique position to help monitor and supervise supervisees (Parent and Snyder, 1999). Patrolling gives officers access to the supervisee and their social networks which can help provide knowledge of their activity (La Vigne, N. G., Solomon, A. L., Beckman, K. A., Dedel, K., & Center, J. P., 2006), this can be very valuable especially in cases which community corrections officers are mostly in their office and not in the field (Thornton et al. 2006). This can help with intervening before recidivism occurs due to being able to foresee issues that the supervisee may be having. This may help law enforcement officers prevent certain crime

Law enforcement agencies like State, Local, Tribal, colleges and universities are all included in these two different reporting systems that they use to create and send data to the Federal Bureau of Investigation so that other police agencies can have data on the number of crimes that are committed, where committed, if anyone was a victim or was it a victimless crime and information about the offender. Out of the two reports that will be discussed in this paper, the Uniform Crime Report (UCR) was first created in 1929. However, when we think of that year it is usually about crime statistics but of the Wall Street Crash and great depression. While the second reporting system that of the National-Incident Based Reporting System was not created

“Trust must be built on a strong police structure that values integrity and holds individuals accountable for their behaviors and actions”(Paul). Police are taking a lot of steps in order to protect citizens. In order for the police and the community or citizens to have a good relationship, they must trust each other. There is no gain without trust. The school resource officers, guest-speak in classes, patrols and monitor halls, attend extracurricular activities, and they also do lockdown drills. There are 2-3 school resource officers assigned to a school. Schools are sometimes vulnerable to be attacked by people who are ignorance to society. Resource officers help students who need help with personal problems. Officers keep the crime rates low and the community

A strong relationship between the police and any member of the community is essential in helping to deter criminal activity. Without it not much will get done to improve the community’s problems, or solve any crimes committed. In the Anonymous Community the coming together of police officers and community members has assisted in bringing down sense of worry and brought about a sense of security that things will get better for them. In regards to schools, after school programs can help juveniles that have nowhere to go, or no family to go home to right away. According to Miller, Hess, and Orthmann (2014), “data has consistently shown that on school days, juvenile crime and delinquency peaks in the hours immediately after school” (p.372). So,

The need for transparency is vital for the success of any program, and this is evident for any predictive policing program. When data is collected by police agencies, these crime areas and surrounding targeted areas need to be checked for accuracy and need follow up reports. When data is inputted from these reports, human error is inevitable. It is important to check the accuracy of these reports because it can lead to the wrong analyses. In the end, the success of predictive policing will all come down to how reliable it is, how different information sources are integrated and how all the data are

The Uniform Crime Reporting System is a nationally used source of statistics of reported crime. Nearly eighteen thousand police agencies in America voluntarily report to the UCR. This program has been used by the Federal Bureau of Investigation since 1930. The primary objective of the UCR is to aid law enforcement with reliable information, however; it’s data is now one the country’s leading social indicators. Varied research is now collected by multiple forms of students in the country.

In the past, as a move to try and improve these police—community relations, police departments all over the country implemented citizen police academies, or CPAs. These were initially implemented during the beginning of the community-oriented policing era, and the first department in the US to have one was the Orlando Police Department in 1985 (Lee, 2016). Since then, CPAs popularity has grown nationally, and police departments all over the county have them. Somewhere between 15 and 20 percent of agencies have CPAs, and they are far more common among those who serve larger, metropolitan areas (Lee, 2016). CPAs teach participants the details of the various functions of the police, including law, patrol techniques, use of force, self-defense, firearms, SWAT, and crime prevention (Brewster, Stoloff, & Sanders, 2005). These CPAs have the

• COP officers working with community leaders, civic groups, and other stakeholders within the community by sharing information on local crime problems and the on-going efforts by the NYPD in addressing the problems

One area to examine, do school resource officers enhance the learning environment for students. The role of the school resource officer is not all about interacting with students. This agent represents his police agency, but functions in a different environment, an academic environment. He or she should appreciate an academic atmosphere and enhance learning, and not undermine it. The school resource officers must cooperate with teachers, school administrators, and parents. For the school resource officer, maintaining a balance between law enforcement matters and the quality of life for students can be challenging. For law enforcement leadership, selecting the right police officer can be difficult. Another area of research does the police officer’s presence in schools criminalize the students’ behavior by transferring problematic students to the juvenile justice system rather than disciplining them at school. If this movement of students occurs, there are grave consequences for students and schools. However, research on this topic is limited. Finally, what is the role of the police officer in the position as a school resource officer? Does he or she continue as a policeman, or parent while the students are a school or

The basic research methods and data analysis is the foundation in policing. Although they do not stop or eliminate crime, it gives the agency data to identify problem areas. This information is vital when gathering data for crime statistics in areas where the crime rate is high. There are certain questions that law enforcement agency must ask when they are attempting to identify problem areas (Blevins, 2013). Police departments have to address the issues and must answer specific questions that are geared toward the five W’s which include who, what, why, when, and where. These questions stem from what type of crimes are being committed? Who are the crimes being against and who are committing the crime? What is known about the people committing