Wide variation in the duration of mechanical restraint episodes was reported between countries. For example, the mean duration of restraint in German psychiatric hospitals was found to be 10 hours compared to 49 hours in Switzerland (Martin et al. 2007). In Finland, one study reported a mean total time in restraints during admission of 19 hours (Kaltiala-Heino et al. 2003).
Hospital data on the use of restraint can also be analyzed to improve patient outcomes and satisfaction. This information could be scrutinized to determine if restraints were truly warranted in that particular situation, or if another method could have or should have been utilized first. Documentation should also be examined to determine if the patient was adequately cared for during this time period. In my hospital, the patient must be released from the restraints at least every two hours, and must be toileted at that time. The nurse must also do range of motion exercises with the extremities affected by the restraints. The skin and circulation should be assessed at this time. Every hour, the nurse is required to check the pulses in the extremity affected by the restraint. The nurse’s documentation should reflect that all of these assessments were performed and the appropriate precautions were taken.
Restraints prevalence is another NIS that could assist the nurses in the above scenario to identify
Mother Behind Bars examines a lot of inadequate policies and procedures that these states have in place for federal and state correctional facilities. This report card bring up the issue on prenatal care, shackling, prison nurseries, and family based treatment as an alternative to incarceration however in this paper I will focus on the restraints on these pregnant inmates. New Jersey received a grade of D for shackling policies. Besides New Jersey thirty-seven other states obtain a D/F for their failure to comprehensively limit, or limit at all, the use of restraints on pregnant women transportation, labor, delivery, and postpartum recuperation (National Women’s Law Center, 2010). The use of restraints can compromise the health and safety of the women and the unborn child. Shackling pregnant women is dangerous and inhumane; women prisoners are still routinely shackled during pregnancy and childbirth. The reason these women are shackled is for safety and security, despite the fact that shackling pregnant women is degrading, unnecessary and a violation of human rights some state still condone this practice.
Solitary confinement for juveniles has been a common problem for several years. Growing up in solitary confinement as a juvenile, prison life is the only life they will know. They will not know how to act in the real world. They will get sent right back to jail over and over again. The kids adapt to the prison lifestyle. They will start to lose their mind in jail if they are in there too long. Solitary confinement should be banned for juveniles because it has the potential to negatively impact one’s mind, which can be detrimental on the brain, which is not yet fully developed.
Solitary Confinement has been used as a punishment, to keep the prisons secure. However, with the changing of opinions from a few decades ago, to present time, more people want less solitary confinement used. With also corrections policies changing over time has also changed the dynamic of how a younger person could be charged and sentenced, compared to an older person who is not a juvenile could be put into solitary confinement. More facts about the use of Solitary Confinement, the policy is up for debate. Starting with do I agree with the New York Times, The Living Death of Solitary Confinement?
Around the 1970’s and 1980’s around the United States many mental hospitals were shut down. There were many reasons why they closed these Asylums was because money, and knowing that there was only about twenty county asylums were built around the country. The asylums also known as the Looney bin was established in Britain after passing in 1808 county asylum act. There were so many patients in these asylums around the world in 1955 about 558,239 severely mentally ill people in the United States were accounted for. Now in these times any mentally ill people don’t get help they just go straight to jail without proper diagnosis or treatment. People need to know these people need extreme care and treatment. Even regular people or considered the norm in today’s society eventually go crazy when they’re in prison too long. We have as much people that are mentally ill as regularly incarcerated. There is one prison in Houston Texas that does take care there mentally ill. We have about 2.2 million
The psychiatrist, Dr Terry Kupers considered that this treatment tended to engender a range of psychological symptoms extends from an emotional breakdown to panic or psychosis. He also concludes that all studies made about the effects from supermax-detention presented symptoms as mentioned before after sixty days detention. Not enough with it, when such symptoms were detected on the inmate, it is not sufficient to return the inmates to normal prison conditions for remedy afterwards. The question must be asked then, this is a clear breach of a lot of human rights, how far is the state allowed to go about preventing radicalisation when a human being risk psychological disorders for the rest of their
The Pennsylvania system constructed in the early 1800s used extreme isolation to deter future crime inspired solitary confinement. In the twentieth century, inmates in solitary confinement would stay for short periods. According to Craig, people would stay in secure housing units for a couple of days or weeks (Weir, 54). Nowadays solitary confinement has become very popular. Inmates are being sent to solitary confinement for indefinite periods of time ranging from weeks to years. An Urban Institute survey of self-identified supermax wardens reported 44 states with at least one facility relatively housing 25,000 prisoners (Arrigo and Bullock, 2008). Additionally, it is believed that as prisons are being overpopulated, the numbers are increasing throughout the years.
While it’s true that most of the negative effects of solitary confinement are reported to be related to the mental state of the prisoner. Nonetheless physical effects are also commonly reported. It’s also true that some of the physical effects could be the physical manifestations of psychological stress. According to researchers, Shalev (2008), Smith (2006) and Haney (2003), different observations and tests have proven that inmates have developed several symptoms in reaction to the isolation. In a short period, inmates have reported symptoms such as hypertension, headaches, shivering, perspiration throughout the body and extreme dizziness.
The United States has the highest incarceration rate in the world with over 2.4 million people in jail (American Friends Service Committee). A census taken in 2005 discovered that out of those 2.4 million prisoners behind bars, 81,622 of them were being held in solitary confinement (Casella and Ridgeway). In that same 2005 census, it was gathered that 44 states use solitary confinement in their prisons (Casella and Ridgeway). Eleven years later one can only image how these numbers have changed, and most likely grown. As defined by Solitary Watch, “Solitary confinement is the practice of isolating people in closed cells for 22-24 hours a day, virtually free of human contact, for periods of time ranging from days to decades.” Solitary confinement
Treatments are provided for the inmate’s best interest and what may improve their mental and physical health, even though mentally ill inmates have their rights in denying treatment they
Despite the fact that my parents have worked in the criminal justice system for many years, I have never given much thought to the treatment of prisoners. As we learned from the readings, the current state of the United States criminal justice system is imperfect to the point of cruelty to those involved in it. This is truer for individuals with a mental illness. Due to a lack of psychiatric facilities throughout Alabama and overcrowding of those that do exist, many criminal offenders with mental illnesses are sent to prisons instead. State prisons are currently overcrowded, leading to substandard conditions such in almost every aspect.
Since the early 1800s, the United States has relied on a method of punishment barely known to any other country, solitary confinement (Cole). Despite this method once being thought of as the breakthrough in the prison system, history has proved differently. Solitary confinement was once used in a short period of time to fix a prisoners behavior, but is now used as a long term method that shows to prove absolutely nothing. Spending 22-24 hours a day in a small room containing practically nothing has proved to fix nothing in a person except further insanity. One cannot rid himself of insanity in a room that causes them to go insane. Solitary confinement is a flawed and unnecessary method of punishment that should be prohibited in the prison
Solitary confinement is a type of punishment typically given in prisons and institutions, and is a form of isolation from the outside world. Prisoners are placed in an isolated, separate cell away from all the other prisoners. The Practice of Solitary Confinement dates back to the late 18th Century, when American Reformers established the idea of Solitary Confinement to "give prisoners time to contemplate their sins". The main theory of Solitary Confinement was that, prisoners need to be in complete isolation and that the their has to be total control over them as this would change the prisoners behavior and their psyche, through "reclamation" which would have "effect 'a deeper change in the offender's psyche' than that produced by the rehabilitative
While the prevalence of physical restraints in long term care facilities was around 37 percent 20 years ago, recent CMS rules has kept the numbers down to 5 percent in the US (Agens 2010). However, that is not the case in other countries with well-established healthcare systems. The prevalence of physical restraint use in these countries are as follows: 20 percent in Hong Kong, 28 percent in Finland, and over 31 percent in Canada (Feng 2009). Also, in Dutch nursing homes and hospitals, the prevalence