Retinoblastoma Statistics

1. Most cancers incidence peak among children occurs during the first year of life. Some of the most well-known nationwide childhood cancers are leukemia, brain cancer, and other central nervous system cancers. The side effects of treatment, which range from heart disease to brain

II. However, that means that one in 300 children will battle this disease in their lifetime.

III. Scientists may not know right now why cancer affects certain people but they do know that it has nothing to do with age or gender.

I. Open with Impact: About 15,270 children ages 19 or under will be diagnosed with cancer this year. (National Cancer Institute, 2017)

Like many cancers it is triggered by mutations in the p53 protein gene and tends to spread quickly through the lymphatic system if not destroyed. Treatment most involves surgical removal in early stages and immunological treatment at latter stages.

Many sporadic melanomas are also found to have mutations or loss of expression of this tumor suppressor gene, known to act in the same signaling pathway as the retinoblasma cases (see 3.3 Tumor suppressor genes).

CNS tumors represent the second most frequent tumor of childhood and the most common pediatric solid tumor; approximately 2,200 patients under the age of 20 are diagnosed each year with invasive CNS tumors, and CNS tumors are the number one cause of death from childhood cancer. [1] Therapeutic strategies generally involve surgery as a primary intervention, but complete resection is often not possible due to tumor location. In such cases, adjunct therapies, including chemotherapy and radiation therapy, may be required based on the tumor histology and presence of residual tumor. [2]

- Fact/evidence to support reason #1: As of 2013 31% of children that are affected by cancer have leukemia.

About 22,400 gliomas are diagnosed each year in the U.S. of which approximately 12,075 are glioblastomas. The incidence rate is 3,19 per 100,000 persons per year and rises with increasing age. The median age of diagnosis is 64 years and has been reported to be higher in men compared to women (Ostrom et al., 2013).

It is rarely found in children older than 10. This type of cancer accounts for about 7% of childhood cancers.

Around 20 out of each 100 individuals (20%) get by for a long time or more after finding. What's more, around 15 out of each 100 individuals (15%) get by for a long time or more after they are analyzed. More youthful individuals appear to improve. In individuals matured somewhere around 15 and 39, around 60 out of 100 (60%) make due for a long time or more after determination. Ladies appear to show improvement over men however we don't know why this is. There are UK measurements for a few sorts of cerebrum tumor in kids matured 1 to 14. Survival rates dramatically increased between the 1960's and the mid 2000s. In general, 65 out of each 100 youngsters determined to have a brain tumor (65%) make due for a long time or more after conclusion. Nearly 78,000 new cases of primary brain tumors are expected to be diagnosed this year. This figure includes nearly 25,000 primary malignant and 53,000 non-malignant brain

Results: The study included 40 eyes of 21 patients. All patients completed at least 6 months

The genetic disorder I chose for this project is Neuroblastoma, which is responsible for 50% of all tumors in babies, and is most common in children, but very rare in adults. I chose neuroblastoma for my project because my twin brother, Luke, was diagnosed with it. This inspired me to learn more about neuroblastoma, and this is what I have learned so far.

     Basically what my research is stating is that there is a major genetic component that contributes to this disease. There are three general types of hereditary Macular Degeneration. The first is called early onset. This is when you get it when you are four years of age up to seven. In this type both parents and their children can be affected. This means it is dominantly inherited. Most of the time this is called Best Disease or Viteliform Macular Degeneration.

1. Leukemias (blood cancers) and brain cancers combined account for more than half of all new cases of pediatric cancer.