Review Of Chlamydophila Pneumoniae 's Theory After Detecting The Presence Of C.

Chlamydia is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections (STIs), and it is caused by a bacterial infection. Chlamydia trachomatis is the specific bacterium responsible for the condition, affecting approximately 1 million people in the United States and almost a quarter of a million in the United Kingdom.

In the attempt to avoid complications and further accuracy of diagnosis, more modern tests have been created. The Roche Amplicor PCR, polymerase chain reaction, was the first diagnostic test using nucleic acid amplification. This type of test “involves rapid thermal cycling in a specially programmed thermal cycler.” Test samples usually consist of urethral swabs for both men and women and cervical swabs for women. The second nucleic acid amplification test was the Abbott LCx test. Instead of PCR, Abbot LCx uses LCR, ligase chain reaction, to test for diagnosis. Results from this particular test may contain a more accurate realization for the chlamydial bacteria because it is species specific. Both nucleic acid tests concentrate on finding certain mutations in the target DNA.

Chlamydia trachomatis is a sexually transmitted bacterium that falls into the genus Chlamydia. In general it is prevalent amongst the younger adults due to living a promiscuous life style. C. trachomatis can be responsible for both long and short term effects from contracting this bacterial disease therefore the longer you have it the more severe the effects can be. Chlamydia can be asymptomatic meaning it can go unnoticed for a prolonged period of time without any symptoms; the symptoms that do arise are ones that can’t be ignored for they are irritating, painful and harmful, if left untreated. Anyone participating in any kind of sexual activity should be tested annually. There are a variety of ways and resources for diagnosing C. trachomatis along with treatments for this infection which include antibiotics and prevention strategies. C. trachomatis is the most common and reported sexually transmitted disease (STD) in Wisconsin (1). C. trachomatis has specific microbial characteristics such as size and shape. C. trachomatis is an obligate intracellular parasite which is a type of parasite that can reproduce only inside their host cell. Chlamydia is caused by the bacterium Chlamydia trachomati. This bacterium can only be spread by having one or any of the following: anal, vaginal, and oral sex with someone who has chlamydia, this

6. Atherosclerosis, pp.1157. is a form of arteriosclerosis in which thickening and hardening of the vessel are caused by the accumulation of lipid-laden macrophages w/I the arterial wall, which leads to the formation of a lesion called a plaque. It is not a single disease but rather a pathologic process that can affect vascular syustemns throughtout the body, resulting in ischemic syndromes that can vary widely in their severity and clinical manisfestations. It is the leading contributor to coronary artery and cerebrocascular disease. Athrosclerosis is an inflammatory disease, the lesions progress from endothelial injury and dysfunction

Chlamydia Trachomatis is an obligate intracellular human pathogen which is a gram-negative bacterium. This bacterium stains pink to red when it’s put under a microscope.

A gram-negative coccus, intracellular obligate parasite is how you would describe the most prevalent STD in the United States, Chlamydia Trachomatis (C. Trachomatis). Chlamydia Trachomatis is responsible for so many different infections, but in this entry, we are going to focus on how it is transmitted, treated, prevented, and how a newborn gets affected by an infected mother. Do not forget to have your coffee in hand as this will be very informative!

Chlamydia is a well-known sexually transmitted disease that men and women can contract. It can cause damages to a woman’s reproductive system, it can even risk her possibility of pregnancy. Chlamydia can be spread by anal, oral, or vaginal sex with a person who already has the disease. To prevent the risk of catching chlamydia one should practice abstinence. If one plans to practice sexual activities they should be sure their partner and themselves are free from sexual transmitted diseases. Also, using condoms is another way to practice safe sex to prevent sexual transmitted disease and unplanned pregnancy. According to a source from Austin Community College Chlamydia was discovered in 1907 by Stanislaus von Prowazek in Berlin. Signs or symptoms of Chlamydia differ between men and woman. Reshma Suthar states that 50% men don’t experience symptoms and 75% of women. In men signs and symptoms include genital itching, painful urination, discharge from penis, inflamed rectum, inflamed eyelids, and sore and

"Identified 1907, Chlamydia was once thought to be a virus. It was classified as a bacterium in the 1960's" (Breguet 9) by Stanislaus Von Prowazek, a Czech Scientist. This discovery of a new bacterium led many scientist to believe that this was not the only bacteria they were classifying wrong. Chlamydia trachomatis "The word Chlamydia comes from the greek chlamys, A type of cloak that drapes over the shoulder. This refers to the way the Chlamydia bacterium drapes itself around the nucleus of cells it attacks" (Breguet 23). This discovery of the the bacterium and the name is just the beginning of many years of research that has yet to come.

According to the health team on the website WebmD, a chlamydia infection can be present in the cervix, urethra, vagina, and the rectum of any infected person. It can also live in the throat. Any type of sexual contact like vaginal, anal, or oral with an infected person can spread the infection.

Chlamydomas from “Electron Microscopy”, and Anthrax bacteria from “Life Magnified” are both cells, although very distinct in their own way. Chlamydomas for instant are eukaryotic cells, which contain both their nucleuses and organelles in protective membranes, and are usually multicellular. Anthrax Bacteria on the other hand, are prokaryotic cells, which means that their nucleuses and organelles do not have a protective membrane surrounding them, and are unicellular. Both “Electron Microscopy” and “Life Magnified” show examples of both these cells, and although both show clear pictures of these cells, the type of microscopy used differ as well. Electron microscopy gives a more in-depth picture; allowing us to look inside the cell, while the

The Organism & it’s Life Cycle: Chlamydia are obligate intracellular parasites, and are among the smallest living organisms. There are two stages in the life of Chlamydia: elementary bodies and reticulate bodies. Another feature of Chlamydia is that they are unable to synthesize their own energy (ATP) and are completely dependent on their host for energy. The organism is in the elementary stage of its life when it encounters its host and is taken up by phagocytosis. It prevents the fusion of

One source of great mortality and morbidity in Europe and North America is the cardiovascular disease, Atherosclerosis. It is recognized as a chronic inflammatory disease of the intermediate and large arteries characterized by the thickening of the arterial wall and is the primary cause of coronary and cerebrovascular heart disease (Wilson, 2005). It accounts for 4.35 million deaths in Europe and 35% death in the UK each year. Mortality rate are generally higher in men than pre-menopausal woman. Past the menopause, a woman’s risk is similar to a man’s (George and Johnston, 2010). Clinical trials have confirmed that lipid accumulation, endothelial dysfunction, cell proliferation, inflammation matrix alteration and foam cell formation are

Chlamydia Pneumoniae comes from a distinct Chlamydia species. This type of infection is usually associated with atherosclerotic vascular disease mainly. It is an obligate intracellular bacterium that will infect humans and is the major leading cause of pneumonia. The bacteria, for it to reproduce, must infect other cells which is what makes it an obligate intracellular pathogen. C. Pneumoniae is a gram negative bacterium which will undergo several transitions during its life cycles. This bacterium is an elementary body (EB) meaning that it is resistant to environmental stresses and can survive outside its host for a long amount of time but it’s not a biologically active pathogen. The way this EB works is that, it will travel from the lung of an infected person to the lungs of the uninfected person in small droplets and will then become responsible for the infection. The EB then goes through the process of phagocytosis and becomes the reticulate body (RB); it then can start its replication process within the endosome. It then will convert itself back to EB and infect the cells in the lungs of the host killing the host cell in the process. This infections life cycle is split up between the EB, which can infect new hosts but it’s not able to replicate, and the RB, which is replicable but it is not able to infect other cells to cause the new

784). The immune system attempts to attack the inflamed area in the artery with special white blood cells and “cells full of fatty nutrients, foam cells, begin to form there, too” (Sapolsky, 2004, p. 43). The white blood cells are unable to properly fight the affected area, and in turn, end up adding more substance to the build up. As this process continues, the affected area becomes inflamed and physically hardens. This produces a blockage in the artery and reduces blood flow, while also causing an increase in blood pressure. At this point of the atherosclerosis build up, many people, especially women, experience angina.

Atherosclerosis is a type of arteriosclerosis. Arteriosclerosis is a general term for the thickening and hardening of arteries. Atherosclerosis, or hardening of the arteries, is a pathological situation in which plaque builds up inside the arteries. Plaque is usually made of cholesterol, fatty substances, cellular products, calcium and fibrin (a clotting material in the blood). Atherosclerosis is the leading cause of mortality and morbidity from cardiovascular disease (CVD) around the world. The magnitude of this problem is so high that atherosclerosis claims more lives than all types of cancer combined and the financial burden are considerable1. It a complex, chronic pathological