Antifungal Drugs Literature Review

Antifungal creams are used to treat things like athlete’s foot, ringworm of the groin and body, skin infection because of Candida yeast. A serious systemic infections like crypotococcal meningitis. Antifungal injections are used to treat infections like Candidiasis, Coccidiomycosis, and Crypotococcal Meningitis. Antifungals work by exploiting differences in mammalian and fungal cells to kill the fungal organisms with no dangerous effects on the host. Fungal and human cells are alike at the molecular level. Antifungal drugs can cause side effects; some could be fatal if the drug is not used properly (Antifungal medication, n.d.).

Drug therapy relies on the principle of selective toxicity, where the effects of the drug are only harmful towards the foreign parasite and not at all to the host. By comparing the effects of different drugs on various parasitic organisms we are able to distinguish the type of disease or infection that is present as well as the mechanism of action that takes place by each drug in question. The drugs may function by interacting with enzymes such as transpeptidase and thymidylate synthetase, for example Penicillin and 5-FU function respectively. The effectiveness can be quantified by measuring the zones of inhibition created by the drug on the plate of the bacteria or fungus. This is the area where there is no growth due to the action of the drug. The discovery that the Micrococcus-luteus is classed as a bacteria was made apparent due to Penicillin’s success in inhibiting it’s growth. The action of the Amphotericin solely on the Pythium, gives reason to believe that it can be grouped with fungal growths.

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Include hydrochlorothiazide 25 mg daily, Norvasc 5 mg daily, lisinopril 10 mg half tablet daily, aspirin half of the 325 mg daily, a multivitamin, labetalol 100 mg twice daily.

The aim of this investigation was to find out which antiseptics were most effective at preventing the growth of bacteria.

Similarly anti-fungal or anti-bacterial topical applications may be prescribed for treatment of fungal or bacterial infections respectively.

Current medications include OxyContin 20 mg 1 tablet every 12 hours, Aspirin 325 mg, clopidogrel 75 mg, gabapentin 600 mg, lisinopril 10 mg and Percocet 7.5/325 mg 1tablet every 4 hours.

Current medications include metformin, simvastatin, hydrochlorothiazide, trazodone, losartan, citalopram, metoprolol, aspirin, isosorbide dinitrate 30 mg, nitrostat, Vitamin,

Available as: Asmalix, Slo-Phyllin 250 Aquaphyllin, Resbid, T-Phyl, Aerolate III, Slo-Bid Gyrocaps, Slo-Phyllin, Theobid, Theo-Dur, Theoclear LA-260, Theolair, Theovent, Bronkodyl, Theo-X, Quibron-T/SR, Uniphyl, Theo-Time, Theochron, Slo-Phyllin 125, Elixophyllin, Theo 24, Theoclear LA-130, Aerolate JR, Theolair-SR, Quibron-T, Uni-Dur, Aerolate SR, Slo-Phyllin 80, Theoclear-80, Theo-Dur Sprinkles, Theosol-80, , Truxophyllin, , Theocap.

Patients were treated with Voriconazole, an antifungal therapy, with the intial dose being 6 milligrams per kilogram every 12 hours. Blood serum levels were measured on the fiifth day of treatment and levels of the drug should range from 2 to 5 mcg/ml. Levels higher than 5mcg/ml could cause toxicity including hallucinations and other adverse effects on the central nervous system. It was recommended that most patients should start with IV voriconazole, however patients with mild disease could start with oral voriconazole at their prescribers discretion. Liposomal amphotericin B was strongly suggested to be given in addition to voriconazole to patients who presented with severe disease, didn’t improve, or experienced clinical deterioration. Duration of treatment is very much dependent on the individual and can range from three to six months depending on serverity of the infection, and any underlying immunosuppression.

The goals and side effects such irritation within treatment field, dry or moist peeling, possible blistering, telangiectasis, and hyperpigmentation of area were discussed. The early onset of these symptoms due to the combination of the treatments were also reviewed with the patient.

Three drugs that are usually prescribed to treat this bacterial infection include azithromycin, doxycycline, or ofloxacin. This infection is commonly are cured by antibiotics.

Examples of antibiotics that are commonly used in infection treatment include: gentamycin, tetracycline, streptomycin, and carbenicillin

Posaconazole is approved for adults and children 13 years of age and older who are at a high risk of developing aspergillus or candida infections including hematologic malignancies, chemotherapy induced neutropenia, and stem cell transplant recipients with graft-versus-host disease. The Infectious Diseases Society of America recommends posaconazole as first line therapy for prophylaxis of invasive aspergillus infections in these patients and as first line for prophylaxis in candidiasis in chemotherapy induced neutropenia and stem cell recipients with neutropenia. The IDSA recommends posaconazole for the treatment of oropharyngeal candidiasis that is refractory to fluconazole or itraconazole, or in patients with

Keyvan et al. (2009) discussed dermatophytosis as a common fungal disease which involved the keratinized tissue. They performed disk diffusion in vitro assay to evaluate antifungal susceptibility in dermatophytes. Their main aim of study was to evaluate the antifungal activity of six antifungal drugs against several fresh clinical dermatophyte Iranian isolates and revealed that drugs as clotrimazole, miconazole, terbinafine, and griseofulvin were the most ideal antifungal drugs for the treatment of dermatophytosis.