Revolts in the Philippines

The Spanish Inquisition started was when Pope Sixtus the IV approved it in 1478. Their early goals

After ten years of civil war and the death of two of its founders, by early 1820 the independence movement was stalemated and close to collapse. The rebels faced stiff Spanish military resistance and the apathy of many of the most influential criollos. The violent excesses and populist zeal of Hidalgo 's and Morelos 's irregular armies had reinforced many criollos ' fears of race and class warfare, ensuring their grudging acquiescence to conservative Spanish rule until a less bloody path to independence could be found. It was at this juncture that the machinations of a conservative military caudillo coinciding with a successful liberal rebellion in Spain, made possible a radical realignment of the proindependence forces. Vicente Guerror, planned to combine independence, monarchy, the supremacy of the Roman Catholic Church, and the civil equality of the creoles and peninsulares.

-The long struggle (ending in 1492) during which Spanish Christians reoccurred the Iberian peninsula from Muslim occupiers.

Before being convicted, Guaman Poma was serving and protecting the Church as an interpreter of a visitador or inspector named Cristobal de Albornoz. He helped to identify and capture practitioners of native religion during the first campaigns to stop idolatry. He gives proof of this fact, by picturing Albornoz supervising the punishment of a native Andean (Figure 1). The Andean has an image, of himself playing with the devil, on top of his head, which represents idolization. He shows his fear towards the Spaniards by being in a state of shock and crying as if he is innocent. The other Andean that is getting instructions from the priest is a member of the inspection team. He seems very determined and supportive of the Church and feels no sorrow for punishing the native. Guaman Poma approved the fight against idolatry because in his drawings, the Andean inspectors always fight against their own tradition and religion by protecting the Church. Another important issue that Guaman Poma supported is evangelization of the Andean people. His vivid drawings and issues suggest that he pressed on the need of evangelization (Figure 2). For example in this figure, an Andean woman is terrified by these animals and forced to become a Christian. Her fear is

The Filipino people had helped the US fight the Spanish-American War in hope to gain independence in return. However, instead of gaining independence the Philippines was annexed to the United States on December 10, 1898. When the Filipino’s had found they were going to be ruled over once again they were very unhappy, after all they had helped the US. When Aguinaldo had found out that the Philippines were going to be controlled by the US, he had declared war on the United States.

They “rose in revolt against American rule, as they had rebelled several times against the Spanish” (Zinn 297). They were right to do so, as the war only ended very poorly for their country and consequently “the death rate was enormous from battle casualties and from disease” (Zinn 297). On the contrary, both the Spanish-American war and the Philippine-American war had great economical advantage for the United States and demonstrated to the world how powerful their country was becoming, as some power-hungry citizens and the government wanted their country to appear. Nonetheless, there were those growing upset with the virtually unnecessary wars, and “…’patience, industry, and moderation’ preached to blacks, the ‘patriotism’ preached to whites, did not fully sink in. In the first years of the twentieth century, despite all the demonstrated power of the state, large numbers of blacks, whites, men, women became impatient, immoderate, unpatriotic” (Zinn 301) which would led to some growing unfaithful with the American

Spain and Portugal spreading Catholicism among the native people was the excuse that the pope used to justified colonization.

Act of Toleration: This was made May 24th of 1689 as an act of Parliament. It granted freedom of worship to those of nonconformist faith, like Baptists and Congregationalists. They were allowed their own places of worship and their own teachers. This act was not all inclusive and left out Catholics and Unitarians. As a result, the preexisting social and political restrictions were kept in place. This was a small step for religious freedom, but the act still managed to slightly miss the mark. (http://www.britannica.com/event/Toleration-Act-Great-Britain-1689)

In Las Casas version of events Montezuma the ruler of Mexico is “ordered on to the terrace at dagger point and forced to order his men not to attack” the Spaniards. When this was unsuccessful

increase their wealth. They saw the native people as a source of labor they could use to

Another is that Filipinos have a culture of apathy and tend to use religion incorrectly and passively. People depend on religion and settle for what’s okay. In addition, the initial reaction of Filipinos to change is resistance, and this is why the country does not necessarily progress, or at least, progress at a continuous rate. Then, countries like Spain and Portugal only rode the “economic tiger” after “they realized that the only way to survive was change” (3.Y). Plus, according to another critic, the Philippines already had the experience of being under the parliamentary system during the time of Marcos which only resulted in a People Power Revolution. So why should the country bother going back to that? (4.Y)

It was not till the autumn of 1517 that he effected this purpose, and the Spanish opposition had mean while been silenced. But the power left in the hands of Chièvres, and the Burgundians provoked the uprising in Castile known as the War of the Communidad. It was a movement of the cities. In Castile the discontentment of the ruling classes was joined to that of the handicraftsmen and labourers, in Valencia the movement was exclusively one of mechanics and the proletariat. The rebellion failed because the commercial cities of Southern Castile took no part in it, and because Charles, acting upon his own judgment, placed Spaniards, instead of foreigners, in positions of authority.

On the other hand, was the conservative nationalists represented by the Church, the army and many large landowners and industrialists. Most of which wanted Spain to return to the Golden Ages of sixteenth century Catholic Spain and were in favour of the Monarchy in order to remain an authoritarian state. This division was highlighted further by a number of pronunciamientos[6] and uprisings between the two sides adding to the increased political tension. For the right, ‘they saw the defence of religious interests as their fundamental political task.

The Spanish colonization in the Philippines lead to us to make some questions in our mind on how does the Filipino survived? Even though they

However, the idea of forcing the western culture on the original people failed. Also, the Spanish brought foreign diseases with them to the Filipinos. Such as smallpox and leprosy. Finally, under the Spanish rule, the Philippines became part of the Spanish monarchy. This made other countries refuse to trade with the Philippines. There were one thing that was successful in the Spanish colonization, this was the influence of the Spanish language. Once the Philippines knows about the Spanish language, it became the main (official) language in Philippines. Wasn't a long amount of time until they changed it again to Tagalog, their old