Revolutions In Modern China

China has changed in certain ways and remained the same in others from the early Golden Ages to the late 1900s. China has experienced a series of cultural and political transformations, shaping the lives of many Chinese citizens. Culturally, the country’s art and literature hardly changed for almost eight hundred years. Along with their culture, China remained politically the same from the beginning of the Golden Ages all the way until the 1800s. On the other hand, China’s government and society were restructured after new leaders took over. From a monarch to total communism, China’s society had a multitude of new ideas and policies they had to adapt to.

Looking at the years of progression of food in china it started with Chinese imperial food originated around the Zhou Dynasty 11th century B.C. – 476 B.C. Although China’s dietetic culture developed and grew prior to the Zhou Dynasty, it truly flourished during the Zhou, Qin, and Han dynasties 1122 B.C. – 220. (www.china.org.cn/english/imperial/25995.) But when we look at the food today it has a mix of diversity of mix culture with the main ideas of the imperial dinning back in Zhou dynasty. We can look at food like curry which came from India and the Chinese culture took the spice and added to its food but also remembering the balance of sweet and sour and hot and spicy as well as tart. We can also look at the U.S.A and seeing the

The Cultural Revolution had a massive impact on China from 1965 to 1968. The Cultural Revolution is the name given to Mao’s attempt to reassert his beliefs in China. Mao had not been a very self-motivated leader from the late 1950’s on, and feared others in the party might be taking on a leading role that weakened his power within the party and the country. Basically, the Cultural Revolution was a failed attempt by Mao to re-impose his authority on the party and therefore, the country as well. Not only did the Cultural Revolution have a massive impact on China, but many other countries as well. Having a huge tragedy like the CR in history, we have to face and learn from it to avoid an event like this from repeating itself in the future.

Democracy has been spread around the world due to globalization, and there are countries that are more democratic than others. Democracy is essentially a variable that can be measured. Democracy can be defined as a set of practices and principles, such as political participation and electoral processes, that protect freedoms and at minimum include the presence of free and fair elections, the protection of minority groups, the respect of human rights, and governed by majority rule . The People’s Republic of China (of which will be referred to as its conventional short form China) has established itself as a communist state, being one of the few remaining functioning ones in the world. This report will be answering the question “how democratic is China?” and will be looking at multiple variables to measure that, using a combination of variables from the models offered in The Economist Intelligence Unit’s index of democracy by Laza Kekic and The Quality of Democracy by Larry Diamond and Leonardo Morlino. The reasoning for using The Economist model is due to the scoring process that it uses, allowing for there to be an actual number on a scale for how democratic China is. China is an authoritarian regime; therefore it is known to have minimal aspects of democracy to it, so not all variables in The Economist will be used. The reasoning for using The Quality of Democracy model is to fill the parts that will not be extracted from The Economist model, therefore enabling this country

In life there is always rules and laws that since we were children were taught to follow and obey. But some laws and rules are unjust and need to be stood up to. If people did not stand up to these change would never happen. The unknown rebel is known in china for standing up to a line of tanks. He is also known as ‘Tank Man’.

Communism is a system of government, a political ideology that rejects private ownership and promotes a classless, stateless society based on common ownership of all property and the means of production, where by all work is shared and all proceeds are commonly owned. Communism is practised in China, North Korea, Vietnam, Laos and Cuba. However most of the world’s communist governments have been disbanded since the end of World War II. Soon after the Japanese surrendered at the end of World War II, Communist forces began a war against the Kuomintang in China. The Communists gradually gained control of the country and on the 1st October, 1949, Mao Zedong announced the victory of the Communist party and the establishment of the People's

China has experienced different social and political systems with more than 5000 years of recorded history, including feudalism, semi-feudalism, semi-colonialism and socialism. Ideologies and polices regarding disabled people in China have shifted in conjunction with the progress of Chinese social systems. This section overviews the key changes in the twentieth century. This era of change is explored in two periods: Period before People’s Republic of China (up to 1948), PRC and the Great Cultural Revolution (1949¬ -1977).

Throughout this period, the core of China remained remarkably stable. It was largely an agricultural society, bound and nearly defined by Confucianism, a body of political and moral

China is the fastest emerging political power in the world, a power that in a short amount of time turned from a third-rate industrial nation with lots of raw potential, to the second largest economy and one of the largest militaries in the world. But is China’s political and social structures unique? Certainly, the Chinese system possesses certain aspects similar to what already exists in other modern nation-states and their governments, however, it is how these pieces coelute together into a coherent political and economic machine that makes the model unique.

In 1949 the communist leader Mao Zedong decided upon the creation of the People’s Republic of China or PRC, which then resulted in the end of a full scale civil war between Chinese Communist Party (CCP) and the Nationalist Party. This war happened immediately after WWII. They stormed through China, over running cities and taking power from warlords. In the middle of the Chinese unrest the Japanese attacked Manchuria, the Government of the Republic of China was faced with a “triple threat” quoted from http://history.state.gov/milestones/1945-1952/chinese-rev .

The Xinhai Revolution of 1911 was a watershed moment in Chinese history, changing its foreign relations politically, culturally, and economically. More importantly, it not only ended the imperial system that had been in place for centuries, but also established foundations for the Republic of China. After a series of about 40 uprisings between October 10, 1911 and February 12, 1912 lead by revolutionary leader Dr. Sun Yat Sen, the Revolution of 1911 finally came to an end with the abdication of the throne by the Qing emperor Puyi and his royal family, thus bringing the Qing dynasty to an abrupt end (2). As the Kuomingtang (Nationalist Party) rose with the fall of the Qing, its program was clear – China seeks allies only with those who respect its absolute independence and treats it as their equals (3). As China formed new alliances, many more foreigners began to stream in, and the government accommodated to the newcomers, providing many foreign privileges such as special safeguards and a “foreigner prestige”. My question is to what extent foreign intervention influenced the demise of the Qing Dynasty?

According to McCormick ( 2010 pg,291), the first transformation in China was the proclamation in 1978 of an open door policy aimed at opening up production to factors of supply and demand, expanding trade, reducing the role of central planning and introducing incentives for workers and peasants farmers including; promotions, wage increases and bonuses. The light industry was given great emphasis over the heavy industry and there was expansion of production in consumer goods. Greater support was also given to domestic research and development and China was more open to the idea of importing foreign technology. Further young Chinese were sent abroad to learn while foreigners were let in into the country. For example between the year 1979 and 1989 some 75,000 Chinese students received visa to study in the United States. The students had greater access to foreign publications and were able to take advantage of the explosion of publishing outside China itself (Smith et al, 2012, pg 329).

Since the founding of the People's Republic of China, despite the great achievements, China has taken a lot of detours because of the great leap forward and the cultural revolution. The great leap forward to China in the economy, including the people's life safety, pay a heavy price, the "cultural revolution" brought disaster ， a lot of cultural relics have been damaged, our country's political situation lead to the cultural revolution in the late of tragedy.

The 1911 Revolution kicked out the Qing Dynasty and broke the barriers to different developments in China. However, the 1911 Revolution has only provided a framework of a republic and made changes in some particular aspects related to immediate problems and difficulties in society. Hence, the relationship between the revolution and the subsequent development of China was very weak. On one hand, I do not agree with the latter part of the statement that the 1911 Revolution brought new problems to China. The conflicts and problems that China suffered in the early/ mid 1910s were mainly due to the weakness of the military force, conflicting political organizations and disorder in society. On the other hand, I agree with the first part of the

As we know, the constitutional history of contemporary China is rather complicated. In 1949, the Chinese People 's Political Consultative Conference adopted a “Common Program” and announced the establishment of the People’s Republic of China. Five years later, in 1954, the first National People 's Congress promulgated the Constitution of the People 's Republic of China. Following the 1954 Constitution, two more Constitutions were erected within four years, respectively in 1975 and in 1978. Another four years later, the current Constitution was eventually approved in 1982. People are often confused about the relationship between the current Constitution and the three former ones, which have not yet been officially repealed. Even the National People’s Congress was ambiguous about this; it simply announced that “The Constitution of the People 's Republic of China is approved by the fifth session of the fifth National People’s Congress on December 4, 2015, and is hereby promulgated.”