Rhetorical Uses Of Nelson Bdela, Steve Biko, And Nelson Mandela

Frederick Douglass used pathos to make his argument more effective. “I do not remember to have met a slave who could tell of his birthday...I could not tell why i ought to be deprived of the same privilege.” (3) He says this because the readers would feel sorry for a little kid who doesn’t even know his own birthday and to a kid birthdays are always one of the happiest days of childhood. “I was so

Malcolm X uses pathos to get followers for his cause of Black Nationalism by evoking fear of a future in which history is repeated: white superiority over black lives. Malcolm uses pathos to bring out people's anger of their continued oppression: "They try to make you think they set you free by calling you a second-class citizen. No, you´re

Pathos is another word for sympathy. In the speech “People and Peace, not Profits and War,” Chisholm states in lines 5-8, “As a teacher, and as a woman, I do not think I will ever understand what kind of values can be involved in spending $9 billion -- and more, I am sure -- on elaborate, unnecessary, and impractical weapons when several thousand disadvantaged children in the nation’s capital get nothing” (39). Chisholm uses pathos to show her feelings about the children. In his Vietnam speech, Martin Luther King Jr. states, “We have destroyed their two most cherished institutions: the family and the village. We have destroyed their land and their crops. We have cooperated in the crushing of the nation’s only non communist revolutionary political force, the unified Buddhist Church. We have supported the enemies of the peasants of Saigon. We have corrupted their women and children and killed their men” (156). King uses pathos so that the readers agree with his opinions on the Vietnam War. In “Let America be America Again” by Langston Hughes, he calls himself the farmer, the worker, the negro, and the people (1). Hughes wants people to realize how unfortunate he is and he wants people to sympathize with his feelings. Pathos triggers the reader’s emotions. They begin to sympathize with whoever is displaying their feelings. Authors may use this device to help the readers see the situation in their point of

“Hundreds and thousands of Africans are thrown into jail each year under pass laws. Even worse than this is the fact that pass laws keep husband and wife apart and lead to the breakdown of family life.”(Nelson Mandela- April 20,1964 “An Ideal in Which I Am Prepared to Die) This quote comes from a well known African leader Nelson Mandela who fought to help his people in South Africa against apartheid, A set of laws which allowed whites to have all the power in South Africa from 1948 to 1991. He explains in the quote the mistreatment of his fellow Black, Native Africans forced out of homes and jobs due to the white government. Nelson Mandela and many other great leaders used certain rhetorical techniques to convince their people that apartheid is negatively affecting their country. The rhetorical techniques used by Nelson Mandela, Archbishop Desmond Tutu, and Steve Biko help to persuade their audiences of their messages of the negative effects of apartheid in South Africa. Nelson Mandela and Steve Biko were both activists in the fight against apartheid in South Africa, while Desmond Tutu is an Archbishop who created TRC (Truth and Reconciliation Commission). Nelson Mandela soon became the president of Africa, Steve Biko was murdered by police, Archbishop Desmond Tutu continued helping the truth behind apartheid get out so South Africans can have peace. The rhetorical techniques used in Nelson Mandela’s “An Ideal for Which I Am Prepared to Die” were pathos which is used to persuade a reader by making them feel emotional for the cause as if it is important to them as well which is an appeal to emotion, ethos to credit himself for his hard work which is the appeal to credibility , and logos a logical apply which is using facts about how it’s affecting them, Archbishop Desmond Tutu’s “Forgiveness is Liberating” also uses pathos while applying repetition, the technique of repeating a phrase to persuade the reader that what they are saying is correct and anecdote which is to tell the reader a story of the event to convince them, while Steve Biko’s “Black Consciousness and the Quest for True Humanity” also as Nelson Mandela’s “An Ideal for Which I Am Prepared to Die” applied to logic and used the appeal to credibility.

This is basically anything that makes the audience feel something. It is also the most used in this speach. An example of pathos occurs when Douglass says "The rich inheritance of justice, liberty, prosperity, and independence, bequeathed by your fathers, is shared by you, not by me. The sunlight that brought life and healing to you, has brought stripes and death to me. This Fourth of July is yours, not mine. You may rejoice, I must mourn" (1003). This is pathos because it makes the audience feel guilty for celebrating something that so many others can not. Another example is "There is not a man beneath the canopy of heaven that does not know that slavery is wrong for him" (1004). This makes the audience feel guilty for knowing that they would never volunteer to be a slave, yet they have no problem owning some and treating them cruelly. Finally, pathos can be seen another time when Douglass says "What! am I to argue that it is wrong to make men brutes, to rob them of their liberty, to work them without wages, to keep them ignorant of their relations to their fellow men, to beat them with sticks, to flay their flesh with the lash, to load their limbs with irons, to hunt them with dogs, to sell tem at auction, to surrender their families, to knock out their teeth, to burn their flesh, to starve them into obedience and submission to

Pathos is used to obtain the feelings of sympathy or pity, and Martin Luther King Jr. uses it to his advantage by pointing out many examples of the harsh treatment towards the black

Pathos helps the readers get more motivated to try and bring about a change, because they aren’t satisfied with the way things are. Chavez states that “We know that it cannot be more important than one human life” and “the burdens of generations of poverty and powerlessness lie heavy in the fields of America”. The use of pathos helps the readers see and realize that violence is not the answer, that violence destroys and they feel they need to help this cause. Pathos gets the audience to feel the authors emotions through the essay and want to do something to help. Pathos is used as a motivator and a huge persuasive strategy to get the audience on his audience on his

In the short story “Selma, Lord, Selma” by Sheyann Webb, pathos is used to provoke the audience. She says, “-The tear gas got me; it burned my nose first and then got in my eyes. I began running not seeing where I was going. I remember being scared that I might fall over the railing and into the water. Everyone was screaming, running and falling.” (Webb page 1, paragraph 3). This quote demonstrates pathos by people being beaten almost, to death, attacked in the open, and seared in flames because of one’s skin color is painful to read knowing history treated African Americans like this. The author is choosing to provoke her audience so they have a visual thought of how African Americans were being treated then against now. She does this to help make a change by others thinking of what she’s been through having no racism towards one’s skin

People have the right to express themselves to the world; show how they want to be looked at and not criticized at. Pathos is shown throughout the speech “The Hypocrisy of American Slavery” showing the emotions of Frederick Douglass. To introduce a part of his life that he suffered, and wanting to get justice of slavery from Americans. To show how slaves live and try to survive a life crisis that they weren’t supposed to be in. Showing the difficulties he had to go through and other slaves are going through because they don’t get freedom for themselves.

The most rhetorical appeal used by Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. in his letter is Pathos. Pathos is an element that brings out emotions of pity, sadness, and compassion. Dr. King uses this rhetorical appeal in his letter to convince the public about the injustice African Americans face. Dr. King also gave details of information about what is happening to blacks in the society, so the public can easily relate to. An example of pathos used in this letter is he states, “Injustice anywhere is a treat to justice everywhere. We are caught in an inescapable network of mutuality, tied in a single garment of destiny. Whatever affects all indirectly’’.

Writers and speakers use pathos to present a feeling they have towards a certain event that is occurring, like demonstrating their displeasure with injustice. Frederick Douglass and Elizabeth Cady Stanton use pathos in their work to make their argument stronger by inspiring their readers to take action on the injustices that are being committed.

King uses pathos when he is describing the troubles the black parents must go through with their children when talking about that a father must explain to his six-year-old daughter that they can’t go to the amusement park because “Funtown is closed to colored children” and then having to see her tears (King Jr., 1963, para. 12). Then Dr. King uses pathos by describing a father and son scenario where the son asks, “why do white people treat colored people so mean?” and the father unable to answer turn the son to have a “distorted” view causing “unconscious bitterness toward white people” because they are humiliated by white people all the time (King Jr., 1963, para. 12). The way he describes these actions pull at the reader's emotion of this injustice and tries to put the reader in the shoes of the parents having to deal with those situations.

Pathos is the appeal to feelings and emotions. In the beginning of Douglass’ monologue, he recalled, “the wretchedness of slavery, and the blessedness of freedom, were perpetually before me. It was life and death

Human being are not cold blooded animal and nobody is definitely indifferent. Therefore, authors always write down words to arouse readers’ enthusiasm or fervor gradually. Pathos work as the same way, which let readers get moved by emotion weapon. We can find many pathos devices in this well-known speech. “The real hero of this struggle is the American Negro. His actions and protests, his courage to risk safety and even to risk his life, have awakened the conscience of this nation. His demonstrations have been designed to call attention to injustice, designed to provoke change, designed to stir reform. He has called upon us to make good the promise of America. And who among us can say that we would have made the same progress were it not for his persistent bravery, and his faith in American democracy.” From these great words, Johnson described the American Negro as a hero, who had awakened the conscience of this nation. There is no doubt that many people were neutral in this case. However, after that speech, after being persuaded by their president, they might turn to agree with their president. Some of them might give up their prejudices to Negroes. They would recall many Negroes who were used to live with them were also kind and gave their hands sometimes. Pathos work in that way. Authors utilize pathos to tough readers and audiences, like what I have mentioned, everyone has the milk of human kindness. Take text for example again, “This great, rich, restless country can offer opportunity and education and hope to all, all black and white, all North and South, sharecropper and city dweller. These are the enemies: poverty, ignorance, disease.” These impressed words reminded all the people of that USA belonged to everyone. They should be unity to stop poverty, ignorance, disease not discriminate not our fellow man, not our neighbor. This pathos improved this

Specific Purpose: To inform my communication studies 192 with a general understanding of the life and outstanding impact that Nelson Mandela has left on the world.