Rheumatoid Arthritis Research

here are many types of Arthritis such as Osteoarthritis, fibromyalgia, and Rheumatoid Arthritis. Arthritis is when there is inflammation of one or more of your joints. The main symptoms of arthritis are joint pain and stiffness, which typically worsen with age. Treatments for these types of Arthritis may consist of; Physical exercises, medications or even therapy. This paper examines what Occupational Therapist do to treat Arthritis specifically Rheumatoid Arthritis.

Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic, systemic inflammatory autoimmune disease. The disease happens when the immune system mistakenly attacks a healthy tissue as if it was a foreign invader, such as a virus or bacteria. If left untreated it can lead to permanent joint damage, decrease in quality of life, and total disability. It affects over a million people in the U.S. alone. Rheumatoid arthritis symptoms include persistent joint inflammation which causes joint pain, stiffness, and swelling. Fatigue and stiffness are usually early symptoms. Joint pain can be an early symptom in a variety of diseases. Symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis often develop slowly over a period of weeks or longer, but this is not always the case, it can have an acute

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease that affects the cartilage in one 's joints, it is not curable, it can not be stopped, only the pain itself can be lessened. In an average person’s body, the immune system has one job; to attack foreign substances that may enter the body. With the 1.5 million people in the United States that have been diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis, their bodies are “tricked” or mislead into thinking that the cartilage within their joints is what is foreign. Once their immune system attacks the joints, it causes inflammation within, which then in turn leads to the synovium (lining of the joints) tissue to thicken. The synovium makes a fluid that acts as a lubricant to the joints and helps everything move freely. Once that fluid is gone, swelling and pain is experienced next. After awhile, the cartilage within the joints begins to disintegrate and will eventually cripple the individual. Along with knowing exactly what RA is, by the end of this paper you will know signs and symptoms within the oral cavity and systemically, and you’ll be familiar with how nutrition is related to the progression of this disease.

Many people all over the world may have rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatoid Arthritis is a chronic inflammatory disorder that affects the small joints in the hands and feet (Mayoclinicorg, 2015). It is also an autoimmune disease, where the immune system sees the body as a foreign object and attacks it (Mayoclinicorg, 2015). As the chronic disorder matures, it could seep into the blood vessels and into other organs: heart, lungs, skin, and eyes (Mayoclinicorg, 2015). This chronic pain is found mostly in women around forty to sixty years old; however, men with low testosterone could also have the chronic disorder (Mayoclinicorg, 2015). Because smokers burn off certain cells to prevent infection, they are also at risk for rheumatoid arthritis. This

Thank you Prianca for taking the time to share about the cytokines and their interaction in the inflammatory process of the Rheumatoid Arthritis. Indeed, the epidemiology incidence of Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is increasing every minute. Like you well explain above in your post, we have more than 1.3 million of people in the US affected with RA (Ruderman & Tambar, 2013) and 1 percent of the worldwide population is affected with RA (Lubberts & Berg, 2003). It seems like this epidemic is going to continue. 75 percent of that 1.3 million are women, and statistically, 1 of 3 women may get rheumatoid arthritis in their life. Rheumatoid arthritis can affect anybody at any age, but in most of the cases, the disease begins in the 40’s and 60’s (Ruderman & Tambar, 2013).

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a noninflammatory, age-related disorder with a genetic factor associated with it and is best described as a wearing and tearing down of the articular cartilage in the synovial joint that commonly occurs in the knees, ankles, hips, hands, fingers, and wrist (Huether & McCance, 2017). In OA the articular cartilage is broken down due to thinning and the process of fibrillation which causes pain with weight bearing and use of the body part (Huether & McCance, 2017). As a result of the breakdown of the cartilage which leaves the subchondral bone vulnerable, the bone becomes sclerotic, develop cyst, and osteophytes that lead to erosion of the articular cartilage

Chitin the second most abundant polysaccharide is synthesized by an enormous number of living organisms including fungi and insects. These biopolymers have found many applications in different areas such as: packaging material, membrane for removal of metal ions, dyes and pigments in waste water engineering; anti-cholesterol, fat binding, preservative and food additive in food industry; seed and fertilizer coating, controlled agrochemical release in agriculture; surface treatment, photographic paper in pulp and paper industry; moisturizer, body creams and lotions in cosmetics and toiletries. It has also found wide applications in biomedical such as tissue engineering, drug delivery, wound dressing, scaffolds, cancer diagnosis, etc. The majority of these versatile applications are coming of its non-toxicity, biocompatibility and biodegradability.

"Rheumatoid joint inflammation is an interminable infection set apart by irritation of the joints, frequently influencing the hand joints and both sides of the body in the meantime" (Royal Australian College of General Practitioners, 2009).

The standard curve was plotted for FeSO4 with concentration range of 0.2-1mM, and there was a strong correlation between FeSO4 concentration and antioxidant capacity (R²= 0.992) and the equation was Y=0.1958X-0.2452. The standard curve displayed a linear trend between 0.2 to 1mM FeSO4. There was strong correlation between pectin concentration and antioxidant activity for all the pectin samples tested (R2=0.9778, 0.9885, 0.9742 and 0.9954), for the native, 100W, 200W and 400W degraded pectin respectively. Sonicated pectin had increased antioxidant activity with 400W treated pectin having 43% relative FRAP activity at 4mg/mL, the same concentration of native pectin had a lower relative FRAP activity 16.4% compared to FeSO4. There was generally increased antioxidant activity with increasing sonication power applied. The results are consistent with the previous observation by Pokora et al., [66], who reported that enzymatic hydrolysis of egg yolk protein and white protein improved their radical scavenging (DPPH) capacity, ferric reducing power, and chelating of iron activity. Native pectin is a complex molecule with complex side group structure, and during sonolysis the large molecule is depolymerized yielding low degree of polymerization pectin , thus exposing prior hidden functional groups and creating functional groups at the scission sites, e.g. carbonyl groups. The reducing agents mostly act as hydrogen/electron atom donors thus

Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic, systemic autoimmune disease characterized by inflammation of connective tissue in the diarthrodial (synovial) joints, typically with periods of remission and exacerbation (Lewis, Dirksen, Heitkemper, Bucher, & Camera, 2011). The etiology of rheumatoid arthritis is unknown. Autoimmunity and genetic factors are believed to be important in the development of RA. Genetic predisposition appears to be important in the development of RA (Lewis et al., 2011). The strongest evidence for a familial influence is the increased occurrence of a human leukocyte antigen (HLA) (Lewis et al., 2011). Smoking can increase the risk of RA for a person who has a genetic predisposition. Autoimmunity theory suggests that changes

With rheumatoid arthritis there are many painful problems as well as symptoms and causes of this genetic disorder. First, the description of the disorder is how painful it can be. The painful swelling can lead to bone erosion, which means that the bone will wear away. Next, the symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis can be hard on the body. You could have fatigue (extreme tiredness), a fever, or weight loss. As well, you can have morning stiffness which can last for hours. Lastly, some causes of the disorder are that the immune system attacks the synovium which is the lining of the membrane that surrounds your joints. In other words, what happens is the synovium inflames which destroys the cartilage and bone in the joint. As you can see rheumatoid arthritis has many painful problems, symptoms and causes.

Living with the pain, stiffness, and deformities associated with arthritis is possible, but living a normal life may require orthopedic surgery. Since your hands and fingers are used a great deal, you may not realize the symptoms you are having are due to arthritis. Considering millions of people have rheumatoid arthritis in their hands, it is helpful to understand this condition.

Any chronic illness can be extremely disruptive to family life. But, it can be possible to maintain balance by using coping strategies, as well as seeking help when necessary. Each member of the family wants some kind of support, while others members of the family may tend to provide the kind of support they would want to receive. This paper will educate the reader on rheumatoid arthritis (RA), a chronic condition which affects millions of people each year, in addition to providing three approaches to improve the affected person’s health and the family dealing with the illness. Certain lifestyle changes and activities can help improve a person’s ability to function independently while maintaining a positive outlook.

However, chitosan solution must be free of aggregates, and hence the solvent for chitosan must be chosen carefully. The viscometric average molecular weight is usually been calculated from intrinsic viscosity because of the lower impact of small fractions of aggregates, using the Mark-Houwink relationship. In order to determine K and a parameters, an absolute MW has to be calculated using light scattering technique and due to high sensitivity to aggregate formation the obtained value is usually overestimated. These artifacts may be carried out for instance by the use of 0.3M acetic acid/0.2M sodium acetate (pH = 4.5) solvent which does not form aggregates in this mixture. Under these conditions, the absolute M values were obtained from steric exclusion chromatography (SEC) equipped with viscometer and light scattering detector on line allowing to determine the Mark-Houwink parameters without fractionation and also to obtain the relation between the radius of gyration (G) and the molecular weight(MW). The K (mL/g) and a parameters at 25 °C are 7.9 × 10−2 and 0.796

Chitosan is a natural polysaccharide with beneficial properties like being non-toxic, and environmentally friendly. CoQ10 (Figure 4.1.3) suffers from poor absorption since it is hydrophobic and affected by P-gp. Cellular uptake was significantly enhanced by a factor of 30 using the TPGS-chitosome as compared to CoQ10 administered on its own43. TPGS is known to suppress P-gp and is believed by some researchers to possess superior coating properties than the traditional DSPE-mPEG200045.