Richard Nixon and Supreme Court

The results of these two bombs were awful. The Soviet Union then created a nuclear bomb. The first testing of this newly created bomb was tested in Kazakhstan on August 29, 1949. On September 3, 1949 a US plane came to check if the air in the area was contaminated in the area of Kamchatka. Based on these tests, the US found out that the Soviet Union had also created a nuclear weapon. Due to this, a new time in humanity occurred.

The 1950s and the 1960s had many similarities, though they had many differences as well. Their similarities and differences include: the politics, the economy, the society, and the culture of both decades. In the 1950s, North Korea moved into South Korea and began a civil war between the two parallel countries. The reason for this dispute was the border lines as well as guerrilla fighting in the South, which created a greater tension on the issue. The reason why the U.S entered the Korean War was so that the Soviet Union would not gain another nation and, in turn, more power. Like the 50s, our country was also at war with another country in the 60s. This time, the U.S was at war with Vietnam. The U.S entered the war because the

In United States v Nixon, five burglars broke into the Democratic Party headquarters. After investigations, president Nixon received a subpoena ordering him to release tapes and transcripts connected to meetings between him and some individuals who had been indicted in the incident. Although the president released edited copies of the transcripts, his attorney filed a motion to quash the subpoena on grounds of executive privilege. The attorneys claim was that the judiciary lacked the powers to determine the president’s claim of executive privilege. It was held that no individual, not even the president is above the law and, therefore, the president cannot use executive privilege to withhold criminal evidence. The problem of separation of powers in this case arises from the president’s attorney that the concept of executive privilege stems from the doctrine of separation of powers and the independence of the executive insulates the president from judicial proceedings. Although the constitution provides for the separation of powers, these powers are not intended to operate independently and the assumption that the president is immune to judicial proceedings would affect the constitutional balance and impair the functionality of the judiciary. It is noteworthy that the offenses that led to the resignation of Nixon were relatively minor and the crisis was constitutional.

By dropping the atomic bomb, America demonstrated the power they had. America’s “Secret Weapon” displayed our technological and scientific superiority to the world. This helped deter the Soviet Union and others from further expansion. For example Dwight D. Eisenhower states, “We ought not to need to put ourselves in the position of requesting or begging for Soviet aid” (Document C). America proved once again to be a group of individuals who could rise above all adversities.

Richard Nixon, though created a large credibility gap within the US, he accomplished a lot for the country. He served five years in the presidential office as a republican (1969-1974), and he was the only president to resign from office in history. Although through his presidency he had accomplished many things, such as creating revenue sharing, ending the draft, and creating anticrime laws, he still had a rough time rebuilding his reputation after many assumptions of corruption in his office. Though he never admittedly pledged guilty to his crimes of taking government funds for his own personal gain, there was proof that he was. After the Watergate scandal, the American people set their mind to believe what the proof led to, so Nixon’s

| Which one of the following countries did NOT become politically controlled by the Soviet Union after World War II?

3. Why did President Truman and other Americans fear the Soviet Union, its ally during World War II, so soon after the war was over?

Before World War II, Soviet troops occupied most of Eastern Europe. Stalin promised to hold “free elections” in these Eastern European nations. Later he broke that promise. By 1948, Communists controlled the governments of every Eastern country except Yugoslavia. In each country the Soviets placed dictators.

In 1968, A. Earnest Fitzgerald, a civilian management analyst for the U.S. Airforce, testified before a congressional committee. Months after his testimony, Fitzgerald was removed from his job by President Nixon and was denied another government job. He then filed a complaint with the Civil Service Commission and later filed a civil suit for damages against federal executive branch officials. Nixon’s attorneys argued that he should be removed from the suit because he had absolute executive immunity from legal actions. Lower courts rejected this claim and Nixon appealed. Nixon argued that he had absolute immunity from civil damage and any visibility of the president makes him vulnerable for lawsuits frilled for political motives because of this the president needs to be free from

Nixon attempted to take the case through the districts courts who rejected privilege, Nixon then decided to appeal. Taking the case to the appellate courts that also denied suit as non-justiciable political question; the Supreme Court granted certiorari. However, the court decided that the previous court’s ruling was affirmed. (The Oyez Project, United States v. Nixon, 418 U.S. 683 (1974)

The second reason that could be understood as a major fire that started the Cold War was the Soviet Union’s success in activating its first atomic bomb in Kazakhstan. An along test was then shortly made by the Soviet physicists, in order to measure the effect of atomic bomb’s blast. Many buildings were constructed around testing area to serve for that purpose. Experiment animals were also being used to test the level of radiation and the hidden consequences which would eventually affected human. The United States immediately felt threatened, as its spy plane recorded the trace of explosion on September 3rd . Later on, they found out that a German physicist named Klaus Fuchs, had betrayed America and given USSR the blueprint of the “Fat Man”, while working at U.S Main Headquarter of Atomic Development. He was arrested and went on trials. The government soon fast forward a plan to reassure safety for citizens .

Competition between the US and the Soviet Union was building ever since the end of World War II and this feat cranked things up between the two countries and sparked a nuclear arms race that would leave the entire world holding their breath. How did Russia develop an atomic bomb so quickly? German-born physicist, Klaus Fuchs, had planted himself in a position to help the Manhattan Project build the atomic bomb. Fuch was a communist, so he was forced to Britain as Hitler rose to power. Once he was a Britain citizen, Fuchs volunteered to spy for the Soviet Union. Fuchs was approached to help Britain’s efforts to develop an atomic weapon. Fuchs was then eventually sent to Los Alamos to work on the atomic bomb, where he gave the Soviets details about the construction of the weapon, specifically information about the implosion method used to initiate the chain reaction in the plutonium bombs (Klaus fuchs.). Fuchs returned to Britain after the war and continued working on Britain’s atomic program, where he gave Soviets information pertaining to the creation of the Hydrogen bomb. Shortly after the Soviets detonated their first atomic bomb in 1949, the US found out that Fuchs had been passing on information to the Soviets. Fuchs confessed and he was imprisoned (Holmes, 2009). Fuchs played a large part in the Soviets developing an atomic bomb so quickly and forced the US to move forward developing a hydrogen bomb, since

Ever since the first atomic bomb explosion in Nagasaki and Hiroshima Japan 1945, the world knew little on how the bomb was made, or so they thought. Only four years later in 1949, “Harry S. Truman announced that an atomic explosion had occurred in the Soviet Union”, (Knappman 452). This was shocking news to the world because many believed that they could not make the atomic bomb. Perhaps it was a breach of national secrecy? This resulted in a hysteria around America about the Communist spies and the espionage age ensued.

Aside from the presidents, willingness to work around the problems afoot, Kennedy also made sure that, although enemies, the Cuban and Soviet government were receiving and understanding the president clearly. “There should be no misunderstanding of the positon of the united states- that that position had been made clear to the Soviet Union in meetings between the attorney general and ambassador Dobrynin and in his own public statements” (Kennedy, 1969, pg.

The initial cause for secrecy was because the United States knew that Germany was developing nuclear warheads before they were defeated, and was concerned about German spies. However after the Germans surrendered, the U.S. considered the long-term possibilities and realized that opening their research to other countries would put them at a disadvantage immediately following the war. There was much suspicion that Russia had ambitions to make Japan a satellite state by force and declare war against America, creating more reason to keep nuclear energy secret from the communists. Various intelligence sources suggested that the USSR was already looking into atomic potentials3. Although the U.S. was certain that they were in the lead in terms of research and production they worked with international scientists to build the bomb in communities such as the one in Oakland, Tennessee.