Rimicaris

It also wouldn’t be helpful in the dark because unlike the Dumbo octopus, some sea animals can actually see in the dark and they are normally the predators which eat the Dumbo octopuses and other small deep sea creatures.

The cownose ray (Rhinoptera bonasus) is found in open Atlantic Ocean waters from Western Africa to the Northeastern United States and parts of the Caribbean. Cownose rays are a migratory species on the Atlantic Ocean, that returns to the Chesapeake Bay each summer to mate. These animals prefer warm waters up to depths of 72 feet, where they can find bottom dwelling lobsters, crabs, and small fish for prey. The cownose ray possess adaptations to easily locate, kill, and eat its prey. One such adaptation is the electroreceptors found on the ray’s snout. These creatures cruise for prey over soft mud and sand bottoms, until they sense electrical stimuli from organisms through these electroreceptors. The ray will then stir up mud or sand by fluttering

Camouflage being one of the most impressive aspects of octopuses' intelligence, scientists under the direction of Antonio P. Cribeiro, conducted an exercise designed to see to what extent the skin of octopuses was capable to adapt to its surroundings. The experiment was divided into three parts:

Mantis shrimp have the greatest diversity of color receptor types known for any animal and also known for their amazing compound eyes. It has 16 kinds of photoreceptors. Their eye stalks move independently of another giving the mantis shrimp a wider range of vision and considered as the most complex eyes in the animal kingdom. Position of stomatopods are subdivided into three regions consist of the dorsal and ventral peripheral regions, which are bisected horizontallt by a multi-row midband (Harling, 2000; Manning et al., 1984).

One hundred and fifty million years ago, large aquatic species of reptile such as the Plesiosaur dominated the ocean, and were pre-eminent predators of the sea. The branch of now extinct Plesiosaurs, or ‘near lizards', evolved into variant closely related species specialised to take different niches in the food chain. Such species of Plesiosaur include the phenotypically similar Plesiosauroid and Pliosauroid. The physiological adaptations of the long necked variant, the Plesiosauroid, as it relates to deep sea diving, will be addressed in depth.

Gammarus setoseus is a kind of tiny, shrimp-like oceanic organism. Adult G. setosus is typically 20-35mm long (Weslawski 2009), but the organism we use in our research is generally 5-10mm, which can be classified as juvenile. The head and body of G. setosus is covered with grey and translucent thin shell, which have a function of support and protection. On the top part of G. setosus, there are two dark black eyes and a mouthpart, as well as two slender extended tentacles. It has a dozen of limbs arranged in two lines under its body, which

Introduction: Many species have evolved various systems to warn off predators. Some species like the Rattlesnake use sound, like the rattling it produces using the growth on it’s tail to warn of its poisonous bite. While others like the Poison Dart Frog have developed brightly colored skin to warn predators of its poisonous properties. Adaptations like these have allowed organisms to avoid predation for thousands of years. Having a warning system to allow predators to realize the organism is poisonous is extremely beneficial allowing the predator to avoid being poisoned and the organism to keep on living as it was. A Blue-ringed Octopus has an especially unique warning system and predominantly off the coast

Furthermore, there are aquatic organisms such as the mantis shrimp that has an estimated 12-16 photoreceptor cells. In the presence of the 750 nm wavelength of light that humans cone cells aren’t sensitive enough to signal an observation, the mantis shrimps red cone cells are sensitive to this wavelength of light and can absorb the wavelengths to send a response to their brain. In the presence of UV-B (290-320 nm) wavelengths, humans blue cone cells aren’t sensitive enough or able to absorb enough of the light to signal a response to their brain. Whereas the Mantis Shrimp has various photo receptors that are sensitive to these

It was almost 9 trillion years ago from what Zalapogos stood on. Two of the biggest space rocks known to man exploded in 1525 B.R.E, which were known as Arocarike and Zalivekite. After the huge explosion taking over 250 million years, it left 12 planets, and a planet known as Earth. The planet of Earth was just plain land, and water. It was only 3 days after the Earth was formed, that God sent Adam and Eve to start life on Earth.

Dr. Widder said, “He did a lot of the theoretical mathematics to show what was needed to be transparent.” The see-through animals that Dr. Johnsen brought up from the ocean, showed that 20 to 90 percent of the light passed through the animals undisturbed. “You could read a book through these animals,” he said. The article explains many different types of transparent creatures of the ocean and how this knowledge could have practical applications. The article also explains mirrored fish and counterillumination. Steven Haddock, a scientist at the Monterey bay Aquarium Research Institute in Moss Landing, California, studied counterillumination in a laboratory. In his laboratory experiment he laid beneath a transparent tank in a dimly lit laboratory with a midshipman fish swimming in the tank. “I couldn’t see the fish against the background when it turned on its special belly lights,” he said. Dr. Haddock explains that the creatures employing counterillumination are very careful to make sure all the light they produce goes downward. “They don’t want light leaking out to the side and making them vulnerable, so they have lenses, mirrors and filters on their photophores,” Dr. Haddock said. The article explains that some creatures of the ocean use these techniques to hide from predators and some use these techniques to lure

The responses varied depending on the original cell type of the explants, the most pronounced response were showing in gill and fin. The results suggest that communication signals leading to a typical radiation response can be passed from a fish to other and seem to involve secretion of a chemical messenger into the

As the light intensity of the compound light microscope is increased the swimming Euglena shape changes from a rod to a pear shape. The direct relationship between the Euglena pellicle movement and light intensities identify that the light reaction is only saturable when all Euglena’s are exposed to the max light intensity. The steady increase further exemplifies the observations made in Suzaki and Williamson, (1985). The Euglena cells being composed of local flagellum, but most importantly pellicle strips, permit the cell to bend and round up its cell body. The series of “inter-locking proteinaceous strips being angled under the reaction of light, allow pellicular sliding along the long axis of the cell body” (Suzaki and Williamson, 1985). Under the exposure of minimal light the “original” position of Euglena was appointed to be a rod shape, during the “reaction period” the intermediate step was considered to be a distorted rod, and the “saturated period” was a rounded cell. In “The photoreceptor protein of Euglena gracilis”, Barsanti et al. claim that the Erh protein uses a three-dimensional crystallization to form the photoreceptor. Pairing the notion that protein fluorescence functions are influenced under light, and in turn alter retinal movements inside the cell due to the greater changes in the cell structure (Barsanti et al.

Despite its apparent lack of a central coordinating nervous system (no brain), Pycnopodia has a repertoire of sensory systems to locate and capture its prey. Its simple nervous system takes the form of a central ring, with radial nerves extending into each of its rays. Each ray is covered with thousands of tiny tubed feet that provide tactile information such as touch, temperature and body position. At the end of each ray are specialized tube feet filled with sensory cells that detect chemical cues and trigger sensations of taste and smell. Light sensory organs (red spots or eye spots) at the tip of each ray detect light and dark (direction, presence of large objects).

It is apparent that chameleons are remarkable animals due to the fact that they possess various abilities which many other animals do not. The one ability that outstands the most from the rest is the ability to change color. Ever since the discovery of chameleons, many scientists have elaborated hypotheses as to how they are able to change color. The theory that has been adopted by many researchers and animal enthusiasts has been that chameleons change color due to the expansion of small pigment-filled sacs called chromatophores. This mechanism/technic is seen in various animals such as those within the Mollusca phylum (e.g. squid, cuttlefish, octopi). This research experiment gives rise to the truth as to how

The dark veins, suggest a convergent evolution because no other species in the genus show these lines but other sea floor dwelling animals such as the tasseled angler fish use branched veins to camouflage themselves (Doc 6). The second phylogeny tree shows a closer view at the relationship between members of the family Octopodidae who all have arms that unite at the base of the mantle (letter A). Both the sub-Family of Bathypolypodinae and the Eledoninae have poisonous venom (letter B) (Doc 8). The Bathypolypodiane also have extensive membrane connecting their tentacles (letter C). The Benthoctopus and Bathypolypus both do not have an ink sac (letter D) unlike the Teretoctopus (Doc 6). The Letter E represents a small body size something that is common in both the Arcticus and Valdiviae (Doc 6). The Bathypolypus Arcticus has a relatively large lifespan - six years- (letter F) unlike the Valdiviae which live for approximately one to three years (Doc 4). The letter G represents a differently shaped Hectocotylus found only in the Bathypolypus Valdiviae (Doc 9). The letter H represents the presence of conical papillae (Doc 1). The letter I represents the presence of poisonous venom which is found in the genus Hapalochaena and can be deadly (Doc 7). The letter J represents large eggs - something that is common only to the members of the genus Ameloctopus (Doc 2). The letter K represents a deep lateral and a short dorsal web (Doc